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Germanium: Germanium Dioxide Reduced with Carbon at Full Red Heat, Fused under Borax (Roscoe 1913)
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Germanium: Germanium Dioxide Reduced with Carbon at Full Red Heat, Fused under Borax (Roscoe 1913)

Carbon takes the oxygen from germanium dioxide at a full red heat. Washing removes the leftover carbon and a little borax melts the regulus clean. Result: greyish-white, brittle, lustrous germanium (sp. gr. 5.47, melts about 960 °C), often in octahedra. Source: Roscoe and Schorlemmer, A Treatise on Chemistry vol. 2 (1913), p. 838. Not given: amounts and vessel. Picture drawn by Youblob.
Hagati
1 day

Amabwiriza

1

Reduce with carbon at full red heat

Heat germanium dioxide with carbon to a full red heat. Ours: powdered charcoal in a clay crucible.

Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:

Diyogiside ya jerumaniyumuDiyogiside ya jerumaniyumu1 as required

Ibikoresho bikenewe:

AmakaraAmakara
Isekuru n'Umuhini by'IbuyeIsekuru n'Umuhini by'Ibuye
Ikirahure cy'Ibumba Rirwanya UmuriroIkirahure cy'Ibumba Rirwanya Umuriro
Itanura ry'inkono yo gushongesheramoItanura ry'inkono yo gushongesheramo
Amakoro y'Icyombo GishongeshaAmakoro y'Icyombo Gishongesha
2

Wash out the carbon

Wash the semi-crystalline regulus with water to remove the carbon.

Ibikoresho bikenewe:

AmaziAmazi
Igikombe cy'IkirahureIgikombe cy'Ikirahure
3

Fuse with a little borax

Fuse the metal with a little borax.

Ibikoresho bikenewe:

Ifu ya borakiIfu ya boraki
Ikirahure cy'Ibumba Rirwanya UmuriroIkirahure cy'Ibumba Rirwanya Umuriro
Itanura ry'inkono yo gushongesheramoItanura ry'inkono yo gushongesheramo
Amakoro y'Icyombo GishongeshaAmakoro y'Icyombo Gishongesha

Ibikoresho

1

Ibikoresho bikenewe

8

Iki gishushanyo gikora

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Gerumaniyumu

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Germanium Dioxide: Argyrodite Fused with Nitre and Potash, Purified through Potassium Germanofluoride (Winkler, Roscoe 1913)
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Germanium Dioxide: Argyrodite Fused with Nitre and Potash, Purified through Potassium Germanofluoride (Winkler, Roscoe 1913)

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