UBUHANZI
UBWIZA N'UBUZIMA
UBUKORIKORI
UMUCO N'AMATEKA
IMYIDAGADURO
IBIDUKIKIJE
IBIRIBWA N'IBINYOBWA
UBWUBATSI BUSUBIRA INYUMA
UBUMENYI
SIPORO
IKORANABUHANGA
IBYAMBARWA
Graduated Cylinders: Glass Tube on a Foot, Marked by Weighing Water
A graduated cylinder is a narrow glass tube standing on a foot, with a lip to pour and lines for volume; it measures more closely than a beaker. Guyton de Morveau introduced it in 1784. Close a straight tube flat, fuse a glass foot under it, pull a lip, anneal, then mark it by weighing in water.
The picture: graduated laboratory glassware engraved in 1895 (Alessandri): a litre flask, a graduated bottle and, on the right, a footed graduated cylinder with a lip.
Hejuru
An hour per cylinder, plus annealing
Amabwiriza
1
1
Close the bottom
Close the bottom
Cut a straight, even tube to length, close one end in the flame and press it flat on the marver.
Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:
Agafuka k'imiyoboro y'ikirahure1 igiceIbikoresho bikenewe:
Agati ko gushushanya k'idayimani
Itara ryo ku meza ryo guhuha ikirahure
Marver (urupapuro rwo kuzunguza icyuma cy'ikirahure)
Amadarubindi y'umutekano
Uturindantoki twihanganira ubushyuhe2
2
Fuse on a foot
Fuse on a foot
Melt a gather of rod, press it into a flat disc wider than the tube and, while both are hot, fuse it centred under the bottom so the cylinder stands.
Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:
Agati k'ikirahure cya borosilikate1 igiceIbikoresho bikenewe:
Itara ryo ku meza ryo guhuha ikirahureMarver (urupapuro rwo kuzunguza icyuma cy'ikirahure)Uturindantoki twihanganira ubushyuhe3
3
Rim and lip
Rim and lip
Fire-polish and slightly flare the rim with the jacks and push out a small pouring lip.
Ibikoresho bikenewe:
Itara ryo ku meza ryo guhuha ikirahure
Jacks (ifatanya ry'umukozi w'ikirahuri)4
4
Anneal
Anneal
Anneal in the kiln at the glass's annealing temperature and cool slowly.
Ibikoresho bikenewe:
Itanura5
5
Graduate by weighing water
Graduate by weighing water
Stand the cylinder on the balance, add water a few grams at a time (1 g is about 1 mL near room temperature) and scratch a line at the bottom of the meniscus at each step with the diamond scriber. Number the main lines.
Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:
Amazi0.5 litiroIbikoresho bikenewe:
Umunzani w'ibiroAgati ko gushushanya k'idayimani
Ikigereranyo cya Digitale cy'Amasentimetero 66
6
Spacing of the marks
Spacing of the marks
Gupakira ikaye ya Jupyter…
Ibikoresho
3- Umwanya
- Umwanya
- 0.5 litiroUmwanya
Ibikoresho bikenewe
9- Umwanya
- Umwanya
- Umwanya
Iki gishushanyo gikora
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