UBUHANZI
UBWIZA N'UBUZIMA
UBUKORIKORI
UMUCO N'AMATEKA
IMYIDAGADURO
IBIDUKIKIJE
IBIRIBWA N'IBINYOBWA
UBWUBATSI BUSUBIRA INYUMA
UBUMENYI
SIPORO
IKORANABUHANGA
IBYAMBARWA
Litmus Paper from Dye Lichen
Litmus is a blue dye from lichens that turns red in acid and back to blue in alkali. The lichen is ground with sodium carbonate and ammonia and stirred for about four weeks while it turns from red through purple to blue; alcohol then takes out the red orcein. Unsized paper soaked in the blue litmus and dried is litmus paper.
The picture: strips of litmus paper, blue at one end and turned red at the other.
Hagati
About four weeks
Amabwiriza
1
1
Grind the lichen
Grind the lichen
Grind dry dye lichen in a mortar with a solution of washing soda and household ammonia, then put it in a crock (our quantities: 100 g lichen, 20 g washing soda, 0.5 L ammonia solution).
Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:
Ikimamara gisiga (gitanga orisine)100 g
Sode yo kumesa20 g
Amazi ya amoniyake yo mu rugo0.5 litiroIbikoresho bikenewe:
Isekuru n'Umuhini
Ikibindi cy'ivunja
Umunzani w'ibiro
Uturindantoki tw'ikawusu
Amadarubindi yo Kwirinda Ibinyabutabire2
2
Stir for four weeks
Stir for four weeks
Cover the crock and stir now and then. The colour goes from red to purple and finally blue in about four weeks.
Ibikoresho bikenewe:
Ikibindi cy'ivunja
Akati k'Ikirahure ko Kuvanga3
3
Take out the orcein
Take out the orcein
Work the blue mass with alcohol and pour the alcohol off with the red orcein it dissolves, until it no longer runs red. The blue litmus stays.
Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:
Etanoli - urwego rw'ubushakashatsi, 95 %0.3 litiroIbikoresho bikenewe:
Igikombe cy'IkirahureAkati k'Ikirahure ko KuvangaUturindantoki tw'ikawusuAmadarubindi yo Kwirinda Ibinyabutabire4
4
Dye the paper
Dye the paper
Stir the litmus into water, let it settle and pour the clear blue off. Cut unsized filter paper into strips and soak them in it.
Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:
Amazi0.5 litiro
Urupapuro rwo Kuyungurura10 impapuroIbikoresho bikenewe:
Igikombe cy'Ikirahure
Umukasi5
5
Dry and store
Dry and store
Dry the strips on a rack away from acid or ammonia fumes, which would colour them, and keep them in a closed jar (our care).
Ibikoresho bikenewe:
Igitanda cyo kumishiriza
Icupa ry'Ikirahure6
6
What the colour change tells you
What the colour change tells you
Gupakira ikaye ya Jupyter…
Ibikoresho
6- Umwanya
- 20 gUmwanya
- 0.5 litiroUmwanya
- 0.3 litiroUmwanya
- 0.5 litiroUmwanya
- 10 impapuroUmwanya
Ibikoresho bikenewe
10- Umwanya
- Umwanya
- Umwanya
- Umwanya
- Umwanya
- Umwanya
- Umwanya
- Umwanya
- Umwanya
Iki gishushanyo gikora
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