UBUHANZI
UBWIZA N'UBUZIMA
UBUKORIKORI
UMUCO N'AMATEKA
IMYIDAGADURO
IBIDUKIKIJE
IBIRIBWA N'IBINYOBWA
UBWUBATSI BUSUBIRA INYUMA
UBUMENYI
SIPORO
IKORANABUHANGA
IBYAMBARWA
Miniature Printing Electronic Calculator: Kilby, Merryman & Van Tassel, 1974
Jack S. Kilby, Jerry D. Merryman and James H. Van Tassel of Texas Instruments first filed for this portable calculator in 1967; the patent, US 3,819,921, was granted in 1974. It adds, subtracts, multiplies and divides. All the arithmetic and control is done by one integrated semiconductor circuit array lying flat under the keyboard encoder. Answers are printed by a thermal print head, a 3 × 5 array of heater elements on a semiconductor wafer, on heat-sensitive paper tape read through a magnifying window. The case measured 4¼ × 6⅛ × 1¾ inches and the calculator weighed 45 ounces, running on batteries.
Hejuru
Factory process
Amabwiriza
1
1
Keys and encoder
Keys and encoder
Mount the 18 keys (0–9, +, −, ×, ÷, the decimal point, C for clear, E for error and P for print) in stepped holes in the upper case. Each key shaft slides in a bearing; a helix spring under the shaft head returns it, guide pins stop it turning, and a resilient pad at its base carries a thin gold-plated copper strip. Below lies the encoder: conductive strips on an insulating board, grouped so each key shorts its own set of output terminals and encodes its digit in excess-3 binary code.
Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:
Agasanduku ka mashini ibara k'ibice bibiri gafite impeta1 igice
Urufunguzo rusubizwa na resoro rufite agapande k'ihura18 ibice
Urubaho ruhindura inyuguti z'urufunguzo1 igiceIbikoresho bikenewe:
Umutwe w'udufatanyo tunoze
Ikusanyirizo ry'ibitorezi2
2
Primary electronics
Primary electronics
Mount the integrated circuit array below the encoder, in a plane parallel to it, and connect the encoder's terminals to it. The array holds the arithmetic and control sections, generating the timing signals for calculating, printing and advancing the tape.
Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:
Urukurikirane rw'imiyoboro ihuriweho rwa mashini ibara1 igiceIbikoresho bikenewe:
Umutwe w'udufatanyo tunoze3
3
Printer and tape
Printer and tape
Place the thermal print head above a resilient pressure pad, its wafer surface against the tape. Rest the tape reel on a shelf; the tape runs up through a guide block, over the pad under the print head, past the magnifying lens window and out through the side of the case. A solenoid tape-advance mechanism steps the tape on after each line: its coil pulls a pivoted clapper, a spring-biased clutch grips the tape against a clutch plate, and a drive spring pushes it forward when the coil releases. An insulating acrylic cover plate separates the shelf from the primary electronics.
Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:
Umutwe ucapa ukoresheje ubushyuhe wa semiconducteur ihuriweho1 igice
Umugozi w'urupapuro wumva ubushyuhe1 igice
Uburyo bwigiza imbere umugozi bukoresha solénoïde1 igice
Idirishya rifite lentiye inini1 igice
Urupapuro rwa Akiriliki1 igiceIbikoresho bikenewe:
Umutwe w'udufatanyo tunozeIkusanyirizo ry'ibitorezi4
4
Power
Power
Fix the batteries, the auxiliary electronics module and the tape advance on the floor of the lower case. Three 1½ volt cells in series give 4½ volts and eight in series give 12 volts; the auxiliary module drives the tape-advance coil and the print timing. Wire the supply through the on/off switch to the primary electronics, and fit a battery charger plug in the wall of the lower case. Hinge and latch the two case halves so the top lifts for access.
Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:
Selile yumye11 ibice
Igice cy'ikoranabuhanga gifasha1 igice
Switch yo gucana no kuzimya1 igiceIbikoresho bikenewe:
Igikoresho cyo gukuramo igifuniko cy'insinga
Ifashi rikora byinshiIkusanyirizo ry'ibitoreziIbikoresho
12- Umwanya
- Umwanya
- Umwanya
- Umwanya
- Umwanya
- Umwanya
- Umwanya
- 1 igiceUmwanya
- 11 ibiceUmwanya
- Umwanya
- 1 igiceUmwanya
Ibikoresho bikenewe
4- Umwanya
- Umwanya
- Umwanya
Iki gishushanyo gikora
Blueprint zijyanye
Izi blueprint zisangira ubumenyi — uburyo, ibikoresho cyangwa amahame
CC0 Umurenge rusange
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