UBUHANZI
UBWIZA N'UBUZIMA
UBUKORIKORI
UMUCO N'AMATEKA
IMYIDAGADURO
IBIDUKIKIJE
IBIRIBWA N'IBINYOBWA
UBWUBATSI BUSUBIRA INYUMA
UBUMENYI
SIPORO
IKORANABUHANGA
IBYAMBARWA
Potassium Sulfate from the Nitric Acid Residue
Youblob (drawn after Fownes) · CC0
Charlie

Yaremwe na

Charlie

14. Ukwakira 2026DE
17
0
0
0
0

Potassium Sulfate from the Nitric Acid Residue

When nitric acid is distilled from saltpetre and sulfuric acid, an acid salt is left in the retort. George Fownes's chemistry manual turns it into potassium sulfate: dissolve it, neutralise it with crude potash and let the neutral salt crystallise. Potassium sulfate is what makes potash alum from alum shale.
Hagati
A day with cooling

Amabwiriza

1

Dissolve the residue

Break the cold residue out of the nitric acid retort and dissolve it in hot water.

Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:

Bisulfate ya potasiyumuBisulfate ya potasiyumu500 g
AmaziAmazi2 litiro

Ibikoresho bikenewe:

Umunzani w'ibiroUmunzani w'ibiro
Igikombe cy'IkirahureIgikombe cy'Ikirahure
Urubaho rushyushyaUrubaho rushyushya
Amadarubindi yo Kwirinda IbinyabutabireAmadarubindi yo Kwirinda Ibinyabutabire
Uturindantoki tw'ikawusuUturindantoki tw'ikawusu
2

Neutralise with potash

Stir in crude potash a little at a time; it fizzes. Stop when litmus paper no longer turns red.

Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:

Karubonate ya potasiyumu (potashi)Karubonate ya potasiyumu (potashi)260 g

Ibikoresho bikenewe:

Igikombe cy'IkirahureIgikombe cy'Ikirahure
Urupapuro rwa litimusiUrupapuro rwa litimusi
Amadarubindi yo Kwirinda IbinyabutabireAmadarubindi yo Kwirinda Ibinyabutabire
Uturindantoki tw'ikawusuUturindantoki tw'ikawusu
3

Filter and crystallise

Filter it hot, boil it down a little and let it cool. Hard, clear crystals of potassium sulfate form.

Ibikoresho bikenewe:

Akayunguruzo k'Ikirahure Gafite UmugoziAkayunguruzo k'Ikirahure Gafite Umugozi
Urupapuro rwo KuyungururaUrupapuro rwo Kuyungurura
Isahani yo kumishaIsahani yo kumisha
Urubaho rushyushyaUrubaho rushyushya
4

Recrystallise

Dissolve the crystals again in as little boiling water as will take them, and cool. Dry them gently: Fownes notes they crackle apart if heated suddenly.

Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:

AmaziAmazi1 as required

Ibikoresho bikenewe:

Isahani yo kumishaIsahani yo kumisha
Urubaho rushyushyaUrubaho rushyushya
5

Potash to neutralise the residue

Gupakira ikaye ya Jupyter…
6

Limits

Fownes's method; the amounts are ours, from the reaction. Crude potash carries other salts, so a second crystallising matters.

Ibikoresho

3

Ibikoresho bikenewe

9

Iki gishushanyo gikora

Thumbnail
Agateganyo

Sulfate ya potasiyumu

Free

30
0
1

Blueprint zijyanye

Izi blueprint zisangira ubumenyi — uburyo, ibikoresho cyangwa amahame

Nitric Acid (Aquafortis) from Saltpetre and Oil of Vitriol, Ure 1839
Akaga

Nitric Acid (Aquafortis) from Saltpetre and Oil of Vitriol, Ure 1839

na CharlieDE

Bidafite Ubuzima

16
0
0
0
0
0

CC0 Umurenge rusange

Iyi blueprint yasohowe munsi ya CC0. Ushobora gukoporora, guhindura, gukwirakwiza no gukoresha nta kwemererwa.

Shyigikira Umuremyi ugura ibicuruzwa binyuze muri Blueprint ye Komisiyo y'Umuremyi byashyizweho n'Abacuruzi, cyangwa kora verisiyo nshya y'iyi Blueprint ukayinjiza nk'isano muri Blueprint yawe kugira ngo musangire inyungu.

Ibiganiro

(0)

Injira kugira ngo ujye mu biganiro

Gutegura ibitekerezo...