Ubufatanye
UBUHANZI
UBWIZA N'UBUZIMA
UBUKORIKORI
UMUCO N'AMATEKA
IMYIDAGADURO
IBIDUKIKIJE
IBIRIBWA N'IBINYOBWA
UBWUBATSI BUSUBIRA INYUMA
UBUMENYI
SIPORO
IKORANABUHANGA
IBYAMBARWA
Steam Still: a Horizontal Still with Steam Coils and Scrubbing Tower (Bell, 1923)
A refinery still heated only by steam: a horizontal riveted shell with closed steam coils and open steam sprays in the bottom, and a tower of broken stone or tile on top where rising vapour meets the incoming feed. Used to re-run naphtha and kerosene and to strip naphtha from lubricating stocks without a fire.
Variable: batch, semi-continuous, or continuous with four baffled compartments. Bell's Fig. 39 still is 10 x 30 ft.
Source: H. S. Bell, American Petroleum Refining (1923), pp. 105-109. Unknown: plate thickness. Picture: Fig. 39 of the book.
Impuguke
Unknown
Amabwiriza
1
1
Build the shell
Build the shell
Rivet a horizontal cylindrical shell (Fig. 39: 10 x 30 ft) with the plate seams running straight round it (Fig. 36), cheaper than a fire still's layout; hemispherical heads are an expense with no clear reason. Fit a manhole, a drain, flanges for oil and steam and a nozzle for the tower.
Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:
Ikibaho cy'icyuma cyoroheje1 shell, heads
Icyuma cy'impande cy'icyuma cyoroheje1 igice
Utuma tw'icyuma1 igiceIbikoresho bikenewe:
Imashini ikanda itobora
Inyundo yo gushyira riveti
Ingano zitazwi2
2
Fit coils, sprays and baffles
Fit coils, sprays and baffles
Lay closed steam coils in the bottom with open steam sprays beside them. For continuous running, divide the shell into four compartments with cross baffles, leaving small openings at the bottom so condensed water drains to the water pot at the rear. Give the coils 62.5 sq ft of heating surface per 100 gallons taken overhead per hour: 33 % in the first compartment, 28 % in the second, 22 % in the third, 17 % in the rear. A semi-continuous still needs no baffles.
Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:
Ikizingo cy'umwuka w'amazi1 62.5 sq ft per 100 gal/h
Umuyoboro w'icyuma (ufite inkuta zikomeye, impera zifite amasunikiro)1 open sprays, header
Vane y'umwuka2 ibiceIkibaho cy'icyuma cyoroheje1 bafflesIbikoresho bikenewe:
Inyundo yo gushyira riveti3
3
Add the scrubbing tower
Add the scrubbing tower
Mount a combined scrubbing and dephlegmating tower on the still, filled with broken stone or tile. The feed enters at its top and trickles down against the rising vapour and steam, which condenses the heavier fractions and carries them back to the still; the vapour goes on to the condensers.
Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:
Ikibaho cy'icyuma cyoroheje1 towerUtuma tw'icyuma1 igice
Amabuye amenetse1 broken stone or tileIbikoresho bikenewe:
Inyundo yo gushyira riveti4
4
Set it
Set it
Settings are simple: brick cross piers or steel frames, with brick or concrete dividing walls between stills where they must carry the tower and heat exchangers. Pipe the residual outlet with a valve.
Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:
Itafari1 cross piers
Valve y'urugi1 residualIbikoresho bikenewe:
Umwiko w'umwubatsiIbikoresho
9- 1 towerUmwanya
- Umwanya
- 1 igiceUmwanya
- 1 62.5 sq ft per 100 gal/hUmwanya
- 1 open sprays, headerUmwanya
- 2 ibiceUmwanya
- 1 broken stone or tileUmwanya
- 1 cross piersUmwanya
- 1 residualUmwanya
Ibikoresho bikenewe
4- Umwanya
- Umwanya
- Umwanya
- Umwanya
Ibikoresho by'Ibishushanyo Bifitanye Isano
Iki gishushanyo gikora
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