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Stone Carving Chisels: Mallet-Headed Plain and Tooth Chisels and Points for Soft Stone (Holford, 1907)
H. Holford · Public domain
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Stone Carving Chisels: Mallet-Headed Plain and Tooth Chisels and Points for Soft Stone (Holford, 1907)

Soft stone such as limestone and sandstone is cut with chisels struck by a wooden mallet, so their heads are broad and a little rounded. H. Holford's 20th Century Toolsmith and Steelworker (1907) shows a set: plain chisels, tooth chisels with a row of sharp teeth, and points, forged from 3/4 inch octagon steel of 75 points carbon and tempered a very pale blue. He gives no lengths, widths or tooth spacing; those are unknown here. The brine bath is from his chapter on the hardening bath. Source: H. Holford (1907), pp. 21, 131-133, 140-141. Picture: his Fig. 71.
Hagati
A day for a set

Amabwiriza

1

Read Holford

"In cutting soft stone of any description wooden mallets are used, consequently the heads of the tools are made broad and a little rounding, so as not to cut or bruise the mallet."
2

Forge the mallet heads

Use 3/4 inch octagon steel of 75 points carbon. For each tool, upset the head end a little, fuller it in, draw it out, then swage it to its broad, slightly rounded shape between top and bottom swages (Fig. 78). For a narrow chisel, forge the head first; for a wide one, forge the cutting end first. Sizes are not given (unknown).

Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:

Inkoni ifite impande umunani y'icyuma cy'ibikoreshoInkoni ifite impande umunani y'icyuma cy'ibikoresho1 3/4 in octagon

Ibikoresho bikenewe:

Iziko ryo GucuraIziko ryo Gucura
IngoyiIngoyi
Inyundo y'umucuziInyundo y'umucuzi
Igikoresho cyo Gukurura ImitwaroIgikoresho cyo Gukurura Imitwaro
Fuller (icyuma cyo gucukura imirongo)Fuller (icyuma cyo gucukura imirongo)
Swaje yo hejuru n’iyo hasiSwaje yo hejuru n’iyo hasi
Amafashi y'umucuziAmafashi y'umucuzi
Ingano zitazwiIngano zitazwi
Amadarubindi y'umutekanoAmadarubindi y'umutekano
Uturindantoki twihanganira ubushyuheUturindantoki twihanganira ubushyuhe
3

Forge the chisels and points

For a wide chisel, upset the end to the width of the chisel before drawing it down to a thin cutting edge. Hammer the flat surfaces. Draw the points down to almost a square point (Fig. 72). For tooth chisels, punch the teeth into the edge in a punch machine after the flat surfaces have been hammered, then file each tooth to an extremely sharp point.

Ibikoresho bikenewe:

Iziko ryo GucuraIziko ryo Gucura
IngoyiIngoyi
Inyundo y'umucuziInyundo y'umucuzi
Amafashi y'umucuziAmafashi y'umucuzi
Imashini ikanda itoboraImashini ikanda itobora
Ikariso rifite amenyo matoIkariso rifite amenyo mato
4

Harden the chisels

Heat the cutting edge very evenly along its whole length and dip it at least one inch into the hardening bath (clean water, best as a strong brine, kept large and cold). Polish it bright by rubbing it across a board spread with fine clean sand near the forge, and draw the temper to a very pale blue, the right temper for all limestone tools.

Ibikoresho bikenewe:

Iziko ryo GucuraIziko ryo Gucura
Umuti w'umunyu wuzuyeUmuti w'umunyu wuzuye
IkibahoIkibaho
Umusenyi MutoUmusenyi Muto
Amafashi y'umucuziAmafashi y'umucuzi
Uturindantoki twihanganira ubushyuheUturindantoki twihanganira ubushyuhe
5

Harden the points

Dip the points deep into the bath. Draw the temper so it shows at least 5/8 inch back from the point; if it runs so fast that only the very tip is tempered, the point bends and breaks easily.

Ibikoresho bikenewe:

Iziko ryo GucuraIziko ryo Gucura
Umuti w'umunyu wuzuyeUmuti w'umunyu wuzuye
IkibahoIkibaho
Umusenyi MutoUmusenyi Muto
Amafashi y'umucuziAmafashi y'umucuzi
Uturindantoki twihanganira ubushyuheUturindantoki twihanganira ubushyuhe
6

History and honest limits

Holford sets the soft-stone tools apart from those for granite and marble: soft stone takes wooden mallets, hence the broad heads, and a very pale blue temper. The finest stone carvers' tools, struck only lightly, he hardens without drawing any temper at all. He gives no lengths, widths or tooth spacing; the tools used to make them are ours.

Ibikoresho

1

Ibikoresho bikenewe

15

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Blueprint zijyanye

Izi blueprint zisangira ubumenyi — uburyo, ibikoresho cyangwa amahame

Stone Carving Hammer: a Granite Cutters' Mash Hammer (Holford, 1907)

Stone Carving Hammer: a Granite Cutters' Mash Hammer (Holford, 1907)

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