Ubufatanye
UBUHANZI
UBWIZA N'UBUZIMA
UBUKORIKORI
UMUCO N'AMATEKA
IMYIDAGADURO
IBIDUKIKIJE
IBIRIBWA N'IBINYOBWA
UBWUBATSI BUSUBIRA INYUMA
UBUMENYI
SIPORO
IKORANABUHANGA
IBYAMBARWA
Pompe peristaltique: Ahantu habiri hafunze icyarimwe, kandi nta valve ikora ku mazi
Isobanujwe
Emma

Yaremwe na

Emma

27. Nzeli 2026SE
129
0
0
0
0

Pompe peristaltique: Ahantu habiri hafunze icyarimwe, kandi nta valve ikora ku mazi

Kanda umuyoboro woroshye ukoresheje intoki ebyiri uwufunge maze uzinyereze kuri wo: amazi ari imbere asunikwa imbere, kandi umuyoboro ugasubirana inyuma y’intoki zawe ukongera kuzura. Ibyo ni byo pompe peristaltique yose. Rotor itwara imizingo izengurutse umuhanda uhetamye, buri umwe ukanda umuyoboro woroshye ukawufunga kandi ukazunguruka kuri wo. Nta kintu na kimwe kitari imbere mu muyoboro gikora ku mazi. Nta valve zifunga, nta bifunga byava kandi nta kintu cyo gusukura uretse umuyoboro ushobora gutabwa. Ni yo mpamvu iyi ari pompe y’amaraso, iy’imico y’uturemangingo, iyo gushyira imiti mu mazi akoreshwa, iya beton n’iya wino ya printer. Rufus Porter na J. D. Bradley bayihaye patenti mu 1855 nka pompe y’iriba, kandi banditse itegeko rimwe pompe peristaltique yose igomba kubahiriza: umuyoboro ugomba gufungwa **ahantu habiri icyarimwe**. Mu 1881 Eugene Allen yakoresheje ihame rimwe mu kwimura amaraso, kubera ko nta valve ifite amaraso yakwizingiraho. Iyi ntambwe yubaka imwe kuri moteri ya stepper.
Hagati
Hafi amasaha 6

Amabwiriza

1

Banza uhitemo umuyoboro — ni wo ugena ibindi byose

Umuyoboro ni wo pompe. Umwobo wawo ugena ingano y’ibitemba kuri buri ruziga, urukuta rwawo rugena uko imizingo igomba gukanda, kandi ibikoresho byawo bigena ibyo ushobora gutwara n’igihe umara. Koresha umuyoboro wa **silicone** kuri iyi nyubako: usubirana vuba imiterere yawo izengurutse nyuma ya buri gukandwa, ari byo byuzuza umwanya uri inyuma y’umuzingo. Umuyoboro wa PVC ugaragara uhendutse kandi ukomeye kurushaho — usubirana buhoro, ufata vuba ishusho iringaniye ihoraho kandi ubereye gusa akazi gatinda, kadahoraho. Pima umurambararo w’imbere n’ubunini bw’urukuta ukoresheje caliper, ku mpera yakaswe, ahantu henshi hazengurutse uruziga. Umuyoboro ukanzwe ukaringanira ufite ubunini bungana **n’inkuta ebyiri** neza; ni wo mwanya wo gutangiriraho hagati y’umuzingo n’umuhanda. Andika iyo mibare yombi — umuhanda ushushanywa ushingiye kuri yo mu ntambwe ikurikira.

Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:

Umuyoboro wa SilikoneUmuyoboro wa Silikone1 metero

Ibikoresho bikenewe:

Ikigereranyo cya Digitale cy'Amasentimetero 6Ikigereranyo cya Digitale cy'Amasentimetero 6
2

Capa umuhanda, rotor n’imizingo

Capa igikonoshwa gifite umuhanda uhetamye wa radius ya mm 25 ugeza hagati y’umuyoboro, uzengurutse **nibura dogere 180** — ishusho ya U umuyoboro winjira ku kaguru kamwe ugasohokera ku kandi. Capa rotor ifite amaboko atatu ijyana n’inkoni ya mm 5 ya moteri ya stepper ifashwe na grub screw, maze ushyireho bearing ya skateboard ku musumari w’imashini ku mpera ya buri kuboko nk’umuzingo. Bearing zizunguruka aho kuba ibisongo bidahinduka ni zo zitandukanya pompe n’igikoresho gikata umuyoboro: igisongo gikurura umuyoboro kikawuca. Kora umuhanda nk’igice gitandukanye gifashwe n’imisumari ibiri mu myobo miremire, kugira ngo ushobore kuwegereza rotor. Iryo hinduka ni **occlusion** — uko umuyoboro ukandwa — kandi ni cyo kintu cyonyine pompe ishobora guhindurwa. Fatisha umuyoboro ku mpera zombi z’umuhanda ukoresheje udufashi ducapwe, bitabaye ibyo uzagenda uzunguruka hamwe n’imizingo kugeza ukuruwe ugakomera ugahagarika gusunika.

Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:

Fibere ya PETGFibere ya PETG120 g
Bearing y'utubumbeBearing y'utubumbe3 ibice
Ibitorezo by'imashiniIbitorezo by'imashini10 ibice
Moteri igenda intambweMoteri igenda intambwe1 igice

Ibikoresho bikenewe:

Imashini icapa 3D ikoresha umugozi (FDM)Imashini icapa 3D ikoresha umugozi (FDM)
Ikigereranyo cya Digitale cy'Amasentimetero 6Ikigereranyo cya Digitale cy'Amasentimetero 6
Umutwe w'imfunguzo z'impande esheshatuUmutwe w'imfunguzo z'impande esheshatu
Icyuma Cyivumbura Kidafite InsingaIcyuma Cyivumbura Kidafite Insinga
Ibyuma Byinshi byo GucukuraIbyuma Byinshi byo Gucukura
3

Ibitemba kuri buri ruziga, n’itegeko ry’ahantu habiri hafunze

Gupakira ikaye ya Jupyter…
4

Ibiyikoresha: stepper, ipfundo ry’umuvuduko na buto yo gusubiza inyuma

Moteri ya stepper ni yo ibereye pompe itanga imiti: izenguruka inguni izwi kuri buri ntambwe, bityo ingano isunikwa ni intambwe zibaruwe gusa. Iyi sketch isoma potentiometre ku muvuduko na buto yo gusubiza inyuma — gusubiza inyuma ni bwo buryo bwo gukuraho umwuka wafashe cyangwa gusubiza umuyoboro mu icupa ryawo. Shyiraho imbibi z’umuyagankuba wa driver mbere yo guhuza moteri; stepper ikoreshwa ku muyagankuba utari wo irahagarara kubera ubukomere bw’umuyoboro cyangwa igashyuha cyane.
peristaltic_drive.inoarduino
/*
  peristaltic_drive.ino -- run a stepper-driven peristaltic pump at a set speed.

  Hardware: a NEMA 17 stepper on an A4988 (or DRV8825) driver board, a 10 k
  potentiometer for speed, and a push button to reverse.
  Wiring:   driver STEP -> D3, DIR -> D4, EN -> D8 (LOW = enabled)
            pot wiper -> A0, pot ends -> 5V and GND
            button    -> D2 and GND (internal pull-up)
  The driver's own VMOT must come from the 12 V supply, with a 100 uF capacitor
  across it at the board, and its current limit set BEFORE the motor is connected.
*/

const int PIN_STEP = 3;
const int PIN_DIR  = 4;
const int PIN_EN   = 8;
const int PIN_BTN  = 2;
const int PIN_POT  = A0;

const long STEPS_PER_REV = 200L * 16L;   // 1.8 deg motor, 1/16 microstepping
const float RPM_MIN = 2.0;
const float RPM_MAX = 150.0;

unsigned long lastStep = 0;
unsigned long interval = 0;              // microseconds between steps
bool forward = true;
bool lastBtn = HIGH;

void setup() {
  pinMode(PIN_STEP, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(PIN_DIR, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(PIN_EN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(PIN_BTN, INPUT_PULLUP);
  digitalWrite(PIN_EN, LOW);
  digitalWrite(PIN_DIR, HIGH);
  Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
  // speed from the pot, re-read every loop so turning it takes effect at once
  float rpm = RPM_MIN + (RPM_MAX - RPM_MIN) * analogRead(PIN_POT) / 1023.0;
  interval = (unsigned long)(60.0e6 / (rpm * STEPS_PER_REV));

  // reverse on a button press (edge, not level), to clear an air lock
  bool b = digitalRead(PIN_BTN);
  if (b == LOW && lastBtn == HIGH) {
    forward = !forward;
    digitalWrite(PIN_DIR, forward ? HIGH : LOW);
    Serial.println(forward ? F("forward") : F("reverse"));
    delay(30);                           // crude debounce
  }
  lastBtn = b;

  unsigned long now = micros();
  if (now - lastStep >= interval) {
    lastStep = now;
    digitalWrite(PIN_STEP, HIGH);
    delayMicroseconds(2);
    digitalWrite(PIN_STEP, LOW);
  }
}

/*
  CALIBRATE, don't trust the arithmetic:
   1. Run into a graduated cylinder for exactly 100 rotor turns (count them on
      the serial print, or time them at a known rpm).
   2. Volume / 100 is your mL per turn. Compare it with the notebook's figure.
   3. Repeat with the outlet lifted 1 m higher. If the figure drops, the
      rollers are not closing the tube fully -- raise the occlusion.
*/

Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:

Arduino Uno R3Arduino Uno R31 igice
Igitwara moteri igenda intambweIgitwara moteri igenda intambwe1 igice
PotensiyometeroPotensiyometero1 igice
Insinga zo guhuzaInsinga zo guhuza1 ikirundo

Ibikoresho bikenewe:

Mudasobwa Ifite Arduino IDEMudasobwa Ifite Arduino IDE
Inkomoko y'amashanyarazi y'umurongo umweInkomoko y'amashanyarazi y'umurongo umwe
5

Shyiraho occlusion kandi upime ugereranyije n’inkingi y’amazi

Tangira umuhanda wasubijwe inyuma ku buryo imizingo ikora gake cyane ku muyoboro. Shyira aho yinjirira mu kibindi cy’amazi kirimo igitonyanga cy’irangi, ujyane aho asohokera mu kibindi gipima maze ukoreshe pompe buhoro. Egereza umuhanda gake gake. Mbere pompe itanga hafi ubusa: imizingo isunika amazi imbere maze akongera akanyerera ayanyuraho. Iyo umwanya ugeze hafi ku ncuro ebyiri z’ubunini bw’urukuta, ibitemba birazamuka cyane. Noneho zamura aho asohokera metero imwe hejuru y’aho yinjirira maze urebe irangi: niba risubira inyuma buhoro hagati y’inzira z’imizingo, ongera ufunge umuhanda gato. Hagarara akimara guhagarara. Ntukarenge aho. Buri gice cy’inyongera cya milimetero kimena umuyoboro kuri buri nzira kandi kigabanya igihe umara, kandi nta bitemba byiyongera bitanga. Noneho pima: bara inziga 100 mu kibindi gipima, ugabanye, maze ugereranye n’umubare wo mu gatabo. Pompe nyayo itanga bike, kubera ko umuyoboro udasubirana neza imiterere yawo izengurutse hagati y’imizingo. Uwo mubare wapimwe, atari uwabazwe, ni wo pompe itanga imiti ikoresha.

Ibikoresho by'iyi ntambwe:

AmaziAmazi1 litiro
Ibara ry'ibiribwa (ibara ryo kugaragaza uko amazi atembera)Ibara ry'ibiribwa (ibara ryo kugaragaza uko amazi atembera)1 itonyanga

Ibikoresho bikenewe:

Igipimo cy'ikirahure gifite imirongoIgipimo cy'ikirahure gifite imirongo
Isaha yo GuhagarikaIsaha yo Guhagarika
Umutwe w'imfunguzo z'impande esheshatuUmutwe w'imfunguzo z'impande esheshatu
Umugozi wo GupimaUmugozi wo Gupima
6

Udupfunsi n’iyangirika ry’umuyoboro

Gupakira ikaye ya Jupyter…
7

Ibitemba byahindutse: shakisha impamvu

Ibitemba bya pompe peristaltique ni byiza nk’umuyoboro wayo na occlusion yayo. Ibi ni ibibazo bihindura milimitiro zapimwe kuri buri ruziga, uko bikurikirana mu kubigenzura.

Flow

Loading...
8

Amateka n’imiterere

**US 12,753, 'Elastic-Tube Pump', Rufus Porter wo muri Washington DC na J. D. Bradley wo muri Brattleboro, Vermont, yo ku wa 17 Mata 1855.** Porter ni we washinze Scientific American. Patenti isobanura umuyoboro w’ubugeri bwa india-rubber bwatunganyijwe (vulcanized) — wari umaze imyaka icumi gusa uboneka ku isoko icyo gihe — ufatishijwe uzengurutse ubuso buzengurutse kandi unyuzwamo umuzingo, kandi ivuga ingingo ituma pompe ikora: umuyoboro ugomba *"gufungwa mu kanya kamwe"* ahantu habiri. Bumwe mu buryo batanze bwo kubikora ni ukuzinga umuyoboro uruziga rwose. **US 249,285, 'Instrument for Transfusion of Blood', Eugene E. Allen wo muri Grand Rapids, Michigan, yatanzwe ku wa 23 Kamena 1881, yemejwe ku wa 8 Ugushyingo 1881.** Umuyoboro w’ubugeri ufite umwobo wa kimwe cy’umunani cya inch hafi uri ku musego w’ubugeri mu gasanduku gato k’umuringa, ufite imizingo itatu cyangwa irenga y’ikirahuri itwarwa n’umukandara utagira iherezo ku buryo umwe uhora uwukanda ukawufunga. Ibisobanuro bya Allen bivuga impamvu: umuvuduko ugenda *"ukuraho valve zose zikurura, kubera imiterere ifatana kandi ifite fibrine y’amaraso, zihora zifunga kandi zigatera ibibumbe"*. Pompe y’imizingo yakomeje kwimura amaraso mu mashini z’umutima n’ibihaha no muri dialyse ku mpamvu imwe Allen yatanze. **Imbibi zivugwa ukuri.** Itera udupfunsi. Ibitemba byayo biterwa n’umuyoboro usaza, bityo birahinduka kandi bigomba kongera gupimwa. Igarukira mu muvuduko ku byo umuyoboro ushobora gufunga — bar nkeya ku miyoboro isanzwe ya laboratwari. Kandi umuyoboro washaje ntunanirwa neza: urasaduka, maze icyo watwaraga cyose kikagera mu mutwe wa pompe.
Intambwe 8 - Image 1

Ibikoresho

11

Ibikoresho bikenewe

10

CC0 Umurenge rusange

Iyi blueprint yasohowe munsi ya CC0. Ushobora gukoporora, guhindura, gukwirakwiza no gukoresha nta kwemererwa.

Shyigikira Umuremyi ugura ibicuruzwa binyuze muri Blueprint ye Komisiyo y'Umuremyi byashyizweho n'Abacuruzi, cyangwa kora verisiyo nshya y'iyi Blueprint ukayinjiza nk'isano muri Blueprint yawe kugira ngo musangire inyungu.

Ibiganiro

(0)

Injira kugira ngo ujye mu biganiro

Gutegura ibitekerezo...