Kubura Ibiti bya Rubber Kuva mu Mbegu — Kuva mu Nursery Kugera ku Gushyiraho Ku Butaka Bwinshi

Otereza ibiryo byo gutunga gifite ubugari bwa mita 1, uburebure bwisuye ku menge y'imbuto. Sumanika isonga y'ibisano na imbozi y'organiki ifite uko yashesheje mu gipimo cya 3 ibisano : 1 imbozi. Sosora hejuru kandi wagatika neza. Ibiryo bigomba kuva na nzira nziza y'amazi — niba amazi atiboneka, imbuto zigira.

Shyira imbuto mu mahoro ku ruhande rw'inzira, hamwe n'iso ry'imbuto (seed hilum) rirerekeza hasi. Intera iri mu imbuto: 2-3 cm. Sunika neza imbuto mu mahiga haba 1-2 cm - ntashyira mu kinini cyane kuko igihaza cyakeneye itsinda kugirango rihindike.

Namira ubwoko bw'ikijyambere 1-2 cm ku binini. Funika ibitandaro mu masakwa ya kokonutu, masaka ya palme cyangwa impesheri z'umuheto 50-70% kugira ngo kubame amazi n'kwitabira mvula nzito ikunyuza binini. Ubushyuhe bwiza bwo gutera: 25-30°C.

Spire amazi neza hakoresheje icyuma cyerekeye cyangwa indabyo y'amazi 2 igihe/umunsi — ninzira zo goteri n'ijoro ryinzira. Kusubiranya ibadde rikubagira amazi ariko nta mazi menshi. Niba umwuka unyubaka cyane, urashobora kurekana kunyamasiza. Kubura amazi ni impamvu nkuru y'imbuto zitazigira.

Imbuto nziza zitangira gutura after 7 days — imizi yera itangira kuva, hanyuma icyerekezo kigenda hejuru. Igipimo cy'imbuto zitura: 60-80%. Imbuto idatutaye after 21 days igomba gukurwa — ntazo zikira.

Sunika inyungu yakozwe naruswa muburyo bwa 2:1. Döza urushinga mu masaki ya PE y'umuhondo yubwoko bwa 15×25 cm (ifite imipinga y'amazi hasi). Itegeka masaki mu murongo mu mbegu, oshora isilikali neza kandi unyuze cyane mbere yo gutandagiza.

Iyo ibimera ifite amapapiro 2 yambere (haba 10-15 cm mu buhawe), wihamagare neza mu musolo. Koresha igiti cyo mu nkondo kugirango ukore umurima wa 5 cm mu hafi y'icyuma cy'isi, shyira ibimera mu muremure, hanyuma ukamande neza isi hafi y'iruzu. Amazi hataguhora nyuma y'uko watesheje. Gushyira mu gihe cy'amakuru kugirango igenga indangagaciro y'ubushyuhe.

Kumwigisha inzira 1/umunsi mu gitondo cyambere. Kuraho amavuta akabaga mu gipfu — amavuta akikingira ibiribwa n'amazi hamwe n'ibimera byitwa seedlings. Kureba inyenewe n'indwara: amapfu y'ibiti bya rubber biri mu myaka myinshi akunze kugirwa na scale insects n'powdery mildew. Niba ushaka amapfu akambaganyije cyangwa puludi yera, kuraho amapfu akanze.

Nyuma yo gukora amashanyalaze mu gihe cy'iminsi 6-8, shira intoki zisanzwe mu mahoro hafi y'urwego rwa gihugumara — ingahe nto/gihugumara. Ntushire kirimina cy'uko uvura kubishyura byemeza kubera ko kirinda umuzu. Ikirimina cy'uko uvura kirabafasha kunoza imiterere y'ubutaka kandi gitanga ibigoboka birimo imiti micike mu buryo bwigeze.

Ibinyabutwa bikunze gupima neza mugihe: ubuhagarike 40-60 cm, ihimbo ry'imicu rihagaze (diameter y'imizi ≥ 1 cm), ifite imitwe y'amakuru 2-3 ihoraho, iterambere ry'imizi riryoshye (imizi yera igaragara mu nzira za cumi mu mbegu). Kuramo ibinyabutwa bito, bisigaje, cyangwa bigoye.

Ibiti by'iruburu byifuza isi y'abasilikiti batunzwe cyangwa isi y'ibubamfu ivange n'ijinja, ifite imigezi myiza, pH 4.5-6.0. Muri Viyetinamu, akarere k'Ubwombe (Binh Duong, Binh Phuoc, Tay Ninh) n'Intara y'Hagati (Gia Lai, Dak Lak) ndihacu cyuuguzi. Winda isi y'udongo mwinshi cyangwa inzira z'amazi.

Sunika amayira n'ibigabi byose mu mahoro y'impeshyi. Ntakureba moto — habeho ibisigaye bimera bikoze gasezerano ryoroshi mwite. Mu mahoro y'umuriro, kubika urubare rw'amashanyalaze hagati y'imirongo kugira ngo bikabuza uruburyo.

Marka aho bibitego by'imirire mumusozi: ibigereranyo by'imbwe 7 metres, ibigereranyo by'ibiti 3 metres mu musozi umwe (ubunini ~475 ibiti/ha). Guciga ibitego bigize 60×60×60 cm. Mencana icy土 cye cikoshwe hamwe na 5-10 kg y'ikibarahane cyavutse, cyongera mwi bitego hanyuma cyitumire mu gihe cy'ibyumbe 2-4 mbere yo gukuramo.

Shyura kera mu ntangiriro z'umwibutso (Ukwakira-Nyakanga mu Majyaruguru y'isi) kugira ngo igiti cyanze amazi menshi mu gihe cy'iterambere ry'imizi. Sukuza neza impapuro y'urusiga, weka igiti mu nzira y'urubohe kugira ngo imizi ihuze n'isi. Uzuza isi ugakurikirana neza hasi y'igiti.

Kwirayo litiro 5-10 z'amazi buri muti buri 2-3 iminsi mu kwezi kambere niba hamwe n'imvula. Nyuma uko muti wateye inzira (iyo amapapiro mashya arenga), kugabanya kwirayo. Ibiti by'irubguru bifite ubwenge bw'imvura, ariko ibiti bishya bitewe n'ubwoko bw'amazi bikubishe cyane.

Hagati y'imirongo y'imodoka (spacing ya mita 7), ganda ibimera by'urukaruzi by'ubwoko bwa legume nka Mucuna, Calopogonium, cyangwa Pueraria. Ibimera by'urukaruzi biragateka amazi, bibuza umusimbura, kandi biranga azote neza mu nkomyi — bikabihindura cyane ibisabwa by'inzira z'ubwiyunge mu myaka 3 yambere.

Kuronda imbera z'igiti hejuru ya metero 1, inzira 3-4 z'umwaka. Ongeza ibikoresho byo gucura NPK 15-15-15 mu gipimo cya 100g/igiti, gabanya neza hejuru 30 cm kwitwa, inzira 2 z'umwaka (gutangira n'hagati y'ijoro). Reba Corynespora leaf fall disease — ikunze kuri igiti kiri kiceri. Igiti cy'isubire giva mu imbuto cyakeneye imyaka 6-7 kugera ku myaka yo gushakura.