Chlorine: Manganese Ore and Hydrochloric Acid in Stone Stills (Thorpe, 1912)

The old works method for chlorine: strong hydrochloric acid run onto lumps of manganese ore (pyrolusite) in a closed still of acid-proof stone, warmed with steam. The greenish-yellow gas passes off through a water-luted pipe into the main. Chlorine is a poisonous gas. Even the spent liquor, when let out, gives off an intolerable stench of chlorine. Not given: how much acid goes into a still, the chlorine yield, and how the gas is received. Source: E. Thorpe, Dictionary of Applied Chemistry vol. II (1912), Chlorine, pp. 10-13. Picture: Thorpe's Fig. 3, the stone still cut through.