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Electric Arc Furnace: the Héroult Series-Arc Steel Furnace (Stansfield, 1914)

أنشأه

Volt

4. نوفمبر 2026

Electric Arc Furnace: the Héroult Series-Arc Steel Furnace (Stansfield, 1914)

Héroult's steel furnace: a tilting hearth like an open-hearth furnace, lined with dolomite, with two carbon electrodes coming down through the roof. The current goes down one electrode, arcs into the slag, passes through the molten steel and arcs back up the other, so the heat goes straight into the metal. Result: an electric steel furnace about 7 x 4 ft inside for a 3 ton charge, run at about 350 kW and 110 V. Source: A. Stansfield, The Electric Furnace, 2nd ed. (1914), pp. 115-116, 214-216. Unknown: case and tilting gear details, electrode size. Picture: a drawn diagram (Fig. 93 is blank in the scan).

خبير

Unknown

التعليمات

Build the case and lining

Build the furnace in a steel case on a tilting mounting, about 7 x 4 ft inside, with charging doors at the ends. Line it with dolomite bricks and crushed dolomite; dolomite or magnesite on the hearth, which allows strongly basic slags. Ours: mild steel plate. Not given: the case and tilting gear, the bricks' making.

المواد لهذه الخطوة:

لوح صلب طري1 case

دولوميت (حجر جيري مغنيسي)1 lining and crushed dolomite

كتل المغنسيت1 hearth, if magnesite

الأدوات المطلوبة:

آلة لحام قوسي

مالج بنّاء

أبعاد غير معروفة

Make the removable roof

Make the roof of silica brick, covered with steel plates and given eyes so it can be lifted off. Between the two electrode holes use bronze plates instead of steel, because steel there would raise the inductance of the AC circuit. Fit water jackets round each electrode hole for a close fit, so less heat escapes and the electrodes do not burn in the air. Ours: copper tube for the water jackets. Silica brick has no head here.

المواد لهذه الخطوة:

مادة غير معروفة1 silica brick

لوح صلب طري1 roof plates

صفيحة برونزية1 plates between electrodes

أنبوب نحاسي1 water jackets

الأدوات المطلوبة:

آلة لحام قوسي

مثقاب عمودي

ماء

Hang the electrodes

Use two vertical carbon electrodes, square in section. Carry each in a holder on an arm supported by the furnace itself, so its height does not change when the furnace tilts: four contact pieces round the electrode, drawn tight by a steel strap and a screw in the arm, with the cable bolted to them. Raise and lower each electrode separately, by a regulator controlled by the voltage between it and the metal. Not given: electrode size, the regulator's build.

المواد لهذه الخطوة:

قطب كربون2 electrodes

معدن غير معروف1 holders, arms, contact pieces

الأدوات المطلوبة:

مثقاب عمودي

Melt and refine a charge

Charge steel scrap with some iron ore and lime. Keep each electrode a little above the slag, leaving room for its arc. Regulate the current by hand while the scrap melts, then switch to automatic; full power only after about an hour. Pour off the slag and make a second, then a third, with lime and a little sand and fluorspar, before the final additions. At La Praz this took about 350 kW at 110 V: 5 hours for 1.25 tons of low-carbon steel, 8 hours for 2.33 tons of high-carbon steel. Not given: the electric supply.

الأدوات المطلوبة:

ماء