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Longquan Celadon Bowls: Glaze of Glaze Stone, Husk-and-Lime Ash and Zijin Clay, Reduction Fired

Daderot · CC0

أنشأه

Clay

1. نوفمبر 2026

Longquan Celadon Bowls: Glaze of Glaze Stone, Husk-and-Lime Ash and Zijin Clay, Reduction Fired

Longquan celadon, made in Longquan, China, since the 10th century, is a thick jade-green glaze over a bisque-fired body. The glaze is three powders washed out of local materials: glaze stone, the ash of rice husk burnt together with limestone, and iron-rich Zijin clay. Fired in reduction between 900 and 1230 °C, the iron in the glaze turns blue-green. Result: thick-glazed, jade-green celadon bowls. Source: the video 'Longquan celadon' by Shanbai (2025), checked frame by frame against its captions. Not given: amounts, the glaze proportion, ageing times, how iron is taken out, firing times. Unknown: the clay body of the bowls; the video does not show it. Photo: Southern Song Longquan bowl, Royal Ontario Museum, by Daderot (CC0).

متقدم

several weeks

التعليمات

Watch: Longquan celadon from stone to bowl

The whole process in eight minutes, by Shanbai: preparing the three glaze materials, throwing and bisque firing the bowls, glazing, and the reduction firing.

Pound the glaze stone

Crush the glaze stone in a stone mortar with a foot-trodden pestle.

المواد لهذه الخطوة:

حجر التزجيج1 as required

الأدوات المطلوبة:

مدقّة بالقدم

Sieve and settle the stone

Sieve the crushed stone and pound the coarse bits again. Stir the fine stone into water in a vat, sieve off the fine particles suspended in the water into another vat, and let them settle.

الأدوات المطلوبة:

طقم مناخل (فتحات متدرّجة)

ماء

جرّة خزفية بغطاء

مغرفة

Burn rice husk with limestone

In a brick-edged bed outdoors, lay rice husk and limestone in alternate layers and burn them. Turn the materials several times during the firing so the husk burns completely.

المواد لهذه الخطوة:

قشر الأرز1 as required

كتلة حجر جيري1 as required

الأدوات المطلوبة:

طوبة

مجرفة

Sieve and wash the ash

Sieve the ash into a vat. Add water and ladle it through a fine sieve into a fresh vat. While this 'black glaze' settles, change the water and wash it several times.

الأدوات المطلوبة:

طقم مناخل (فتحات متدرّجة)

جرّة خزفية بغطاء

ماء

مغرفة

Mill and settle the Zijin clay

Grind the dry Zijin clay to powder in a stone hand mill. Mix it well with water, sieve it into a fresh vat and let the fine particles settle.

المواد لهذه الخطوة:

طين زيجين1 as required

الأدوات المطلوبة:

رحى حجرية يدوية

ماء

طقم مناخل (فتحات متدرّجة)

جرّة خزفية بغطاء

Dewater in bags, then age

Drain the water off each of the three vats without stirring up the settled powder. Scoop each paste into a cloth bag, lay the bags on a board and press them under a millstone. When they are dewatered to a certain degree, let them age for a while. Not given: how long. Ours: linen bags (as in the transcript).

الأدوات المطلوبة:

مغرفة

حقيبة كتان

حجر الرحى اليدوية

Throw the bowls

Throw the bowls on the wheel and let them air-dry in the shade. Unknown: the clay body; the video does not show what it is or how it is made.

المواد لهذه الخطوة:

عجينة طين مجهولة1 as required

الأدوات المطلوبة:

دولاب الخزّاف

Trim and stamp

Set each dry bowl upside down on a chuck on the wheel, trim the outside and the foot smooth, and stamp your mark in the foot.

الأدوات المطلوبة:

دولاب الخزّاف

عدد خراطة الخشب الأخضر

ختم الخزّاف

Bisque fire at about 800 °C

Stack the bowls in the kiln, brick up the door and seal it with mud, and fire with wood to about 800 °C. The bisque firing makes the body stronger and more absorbent, so the glaze takes better.

الأدوات المطلوبة:

فرن حراري

طوبة

حطب

مقياس الحرارة العالية

Make the glaze

Mix the burnt husk-and-lime ash, the glaze stone and the Zijin clay in proportion, add about an equal amount of water, stir and grind fine. Sieve it, take out the iron, and let the glaze age in the glaze vat. Not given: the proportion, how the iron is removed, how long it ages. Rice husk ash, glaze stone and Zijin clay give the silica, feldspar and kaolin; Zijin clay's iron is the colourant; lime and the potash and soda of feldspar lower the melting point.

الأدوات المطلوبة:

هاون ومِدَقّ حجريان

ماء

طقم مناخل (فتحات متدرّجة)

جرّة خزفية بغطاء

Dip the bowls

Hold each bisque bowl with wire tongs and dip it into the glaze. Let it air-dry.

الأدوات المطلوبة:

ملقط الغمس

جرّة خزفية بغطاء

Spray on more glaze

Set the bowl upside down on a chuck on the wheel and spray glaze evenly over the outside with a mouth-blown sprayer. Repeated bisque firings, dipping and thin spray coats build a thick glaze; Longquan celadon is a lime-alkali glaze that stays put at high temperature. Scrape the glaze off the foot with a knife.

الأدوات المطلوبة:

دولاب الخزّاف

مرشّة طلاء بالنفخ

سكين

Reduction fire in saggars

Set the bowls in saggars, stack them in the kiln and seal the door. Between 900 °C and 1230 °C, feed fuel often, and when combustion is insufficient fire in reduction: the iron in the glaze gives up oxygen, and the mix of divalent and trivalent iron turns the glaze blue-green. Not given: how long the firing takes.

الأدوات المطلوبة: