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Miniature Printing Electronic Calculator: Kilby, Merryman & Van Tassel, 1974

Jack S. Kilby, Jerry D. Merryman & James H. Van Tassel (US Patent 3,819,921) · Public domain (expired patent)

أنشأه

12. أكتوبر 2026

Miniature Printing Electronic Calculator: Kilby, Merryman & Van Tassel, 1974

Jack S. Kilby, Jerry D. Merryman and James H. Van Tassel of Texas Instruments first filed for this portable calculator in 1967; the patent, US 3,819,921, was granted in 1974. It adds, subtracts, multiplies and divides. All the arithmetic and control is done by one integrated semiconductor circuit array lying flat under the keyboard encoder. Answers are printed by a thermal print head, a 3 × 5 array of heater elements on a semiconductor wafer, on heat-sensitive paper tape read through a magnifying window. The case measured 4¼ × 6⅛ × 1¾ inches and the calculator weighed 45 ounces, running on batteries.

متقدم

Factory process

التعليمات

Keys and encoder

Mount the 18 keys (0–9, +, −, ×, ÷, the decimal point, C for clear, E for error and P for print) in stepped holes in the upper case. Each key shaft slides in a bearing; a helix spring under the shaft head returns it, guide pins stop it turning, and a resilient pad at its base carries a thin gold-plated copper strip. Below lies the encoder: conductive strips on an insulating board, grouped so each key shorts its own set of output terminals and encodes its digit in excess-3 binary code.

المواد لهذه الخطوة:

غلاف آلة حاسبة من جزأين بمفصلة1 قطعة

مفتاح بإرجاع نابضي ووسادة تلامس18 قطع

لوحة مرمّز لوحة المفاتيح1 قطعة

الأدوات المطلوبة:

طقم ملاقط دقيقة

طقم مفكات

Primary electronics

Mount the integrated circuit array below the encoder, in a plane parallel to it, and connect the encoder's terminals to it. The array holds the arithmetic and control sections, generating the timing signals for calculating, printing and advancing the tape.

المواد لهذه الخطوة:

مصفوفة دوائر متكاملة للآلة الحاسبة1 قطعة

الأدوات المطلوبة:

طقم ملاقط دقيقة

Printer and tape

Place the thermal print head above a resilient pressure pad, its wafer surface against the tape. Rest the tape reel on a shelf; the tape runs up through a guide block, over the pad under the print head, past the magnifying lens window and out through the side of the case. A solenoid tape-advance mechanism steps the tape on after each line: its coil pulls a pivoted clapper, a spring-biased clutch grips the tape against a clutch plate, and a drive spring pushes it forward when the coil releases. An insulating acrylic cover plate separates the shelf from the primary electronics.

المواد لهذه الخطوة:

رأس طباعة حراري من أشباه موصلات متكاملة1 قطعة

شريط ورقي حسّاس للحرارة1 قطعة

آلية تقديم الشريط بملف لولبي1 قطعة

نافذة بعدسة مكبّرة1 قطعة

لوح أكريليك1 قطعة

الأدوات المطلوبة:

طقم ملاقط دقيقة

طقم مفكات

Power

Fix the batteries, the auxiliary electronics module and the tape advance on the floor of the lower case. Three 1½ volt cells in series give 4½ volts and eight in series give 12 volts; the auxiliary module drives the tape-advance coil and the print timing. Wire the supply through the on/off switch to the primary electronics, and fit a battery charger plug in the wall of the lower case. Hinge and latch the two case halves so the top lifts for access.

المواد لهذه الخطوة: