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Porcelain Labware: Evaporating Dishes, Crucibles, Funnels and Streak Plates

Simon A. Eugster · CC BY-SA 3.0

أنشأه

Mary

14. أكتوبر 2026

Porcelain Labware: Evaporating Dishes, Crucibles, Funnels and Streak Plates

Hard porcelain stands strong heat and most chemicals, so the laboratory's dishes, crucibles and filter funnels are made of it; left unglazed, its white biscuit is the streak plate for testing minerals. Form the pieces, give them a light first firing, dip them in ground-felspar glaze, and fire them hard in saggers, as Andrew Ure (1839) describes for Sèvres. The picture: porcelain evaporating dishes in three sizes, glazed, with pouring lips.

متقدم

Weeks with drying and two firings

التعليمات

Form the pieces

Throw shallow round dishes with a lip and small lidded crucibles on the wheel. For a Büchner funnel throw a cylinder with a flat floor, pierce the floor with many small holes and add a stem. Roll a slab and cut it into small tiles for streak plates.

المواد لهذه الخطوة:

طين البورسلين5 كغ

الأدوات المطلوبة:

دولاب الخزّاف

شوبك

طقم عُدد فخّار

مسطرة

Dry very slowly

Ure: dry them very slowly; a little hurry spoils them.

Light first firing

Fire them gently so they keep their shape but become strong enough to handle and be dipped in water.

المواد لهذه الخطوة:

حطب1 as required

الأدوات المطلوبة:

فرن حراري

قفّازات مقاومة للحرارة

Felspar glaze

Grind felspar very fine, stir it with water and a little vinegar to a thin pap. Dip each dish, crucible and funnel for an instant; the porous body draws the glaze on. Wipe the glaze off the feet. Leave the streak-plate tiles unglazed.

المواد لهذه الخطوة:

كتلة فلسبار0.5 كغ

ماء2 لترات

خلّ0.05 لتر

الأدوات المطلوبة:

مِدَكّ السحق

منخل دقيق الشبكة

حوض خشبي كبير

كمامة غبار

Set in saggers

Set every piece in its own sagger on a flat, sand-dusted base so it cannot stick or sag out of shape; small pieces may share a base if they do not touch.

المواد لهذه الخطوة:

رمل ناعم1 كغ

الأدوات المطلوبة:

صندوق حرق حراري

The hard firing

Raise the fire slowly for about 15 hours to a cherry red, then fire hard until the kiln glows white inside, drawing trial pieces to judge when the glaze is smooth. Cool slowly over days.

المواد لهذه الخطوة:

حطب1 as required

الأدوات المطلوبة:

فرن حراري

قفّازات مقاومة للحرارة

Ure's firing, hour by hour

جارٍ تحميل دفتر Jupyter…

Limits

The firings, glaze and saggers are Ure's account of Sèvres; the forms of the four wares are ours. A full porcelain firing needs a kiln that reaches white heat.