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Reverberatory Furnace: the Air Furnace for Melting Cast Iron (Bolland, 1893)

Simpson Bolland · Public domain (published 1893)

أنشأه

Forge

4. نوفمبر 2026

Reverberatory Furnace: the Air Furnace for Melting Cast Iron (Bolland, 1893)

An air furnace melts iron apart from the fuel: coal burns on a grate at one end, and the flame is thrown down from a low arched roof onto the iron on the bed, then leaves by a tall chimney. The iron stays cleaner than in a cupola, so founders used it for guns, rolls, heavy scrap and lumps too big for the cupola. This furnace is 30 ft 6 in long and 7 ft wide outside, 5 ft wide inside, cased in bolted wrought-iron plates. Source: S. Bolland, The Iron Founder Supplement (1893), pp. 55-67. Unknown: brick sizes, plate thickness. Picture: Fig. 14 of the book.

خبير

Unknown

التعليمات

Lay the foundation

Build the foundation solid of common material up to the firebrick, shaped so the firebrick bed slopes down from the chimney end to the reservoir. Keep the bricks from B to C 6 in below the finished bottom, to leave room for the sand bed.

المواد لهذه الخطوة:

طوبة1 foundation

الأدوات المطلوبة:

مالج بنّاء

أبعاد غير معروفة

Build the fireplace, bridge and roof

Build the fireplace the full width of the furnace (5 ft inside, grate 5 ft long). Set the bridge wall at least 2 ft 3 in from the face of the grate bars. Build bridge, sides, roof and fireplace of the most refractory firebrick. Arch the roof the whole length, low, so it throws the flame down onto the bed; fill above the arches with common material. Leave the side charging hole (5 x 4 ft), the top hole (furnace width x 6 ft), the puddling hole over the reservoir, a sight hole and the tap hole.

المواد لهذه الخطوة:

طوب طيني حرّاري1 lining, bridge, roof

مونة من الطين الحراري1 setting

طوبة1 filling above the arch

معدن غير معروف1 grate bars

الأدوات المطلوبة:

مالج بنّاء

Case it in plates and bolt it

Case the whole structure in wrought-iron plates, held at the corners with angle-irons. Run eight chief anchor bolts from side to side, clear of all working parts. Join everything with bolts, not rivets, so any plate can come off for repairs. Line the charging doors with firebrick.

المواد لهذه الخطوة:

لوح حديد1 casing, doors

قضيب مستدير من الحديد المطاوع8 anchor bolts

معدن غير معروف1 angle-irons, door frames

طوب طيني حرّاري1 door linings

الأدوات المطلوبة:

أبعاد غير معروفة

Build the chimney

Build the chimney square, 30 to 40 ft high, with an inside course of firebrick (Fig. 14: 2 ft 6 in square inside). Make its area a little larger than the fireplace. Put a damper on top that can be worked from the bottom: it alone sets the draught. It can stand apart on a sole plate on four columns.

المواد لهذه الخطوة:

طوب طيني حرّاري1 inside course

طوبة1 chimney

معدن غير معروف1 damper

الأدوات المطلوبة:

مالج بنّاء

Make the sand bottom

Make the bottom from B round the reservoir to C with 8 parts fire-sand to 1 of clay and 1 of ground coke. Fire it well for one to two hours before the first charge; it should last ten heats. Fill the tap hole with fire-sand and a little coal dust, which will not cake when hot.

المواد لهذه الخطوة:

رمل8 parts

طين1 part

فحم كوك معدني1 part, ground

الأدوات المطلوبة:

فحم قاري

Charge and melt

Fire with soft, non-caking bituminous coal and keep a full grate; clinker quickly and leave no holes for cold air. Charge all the iron at the start: first layer of pigs lengthwise and a little apart, next layers across, open so the flame passes. Set heavy pieces on firebricks so the flame plays all round them. Through the puddling hole, dip test pieces and skim the iron clean. To blend two grades, thrust green saplings into the melt. Close the damper before tapping. Look the furnace over after every heat.

الأدوات المطلوبة:

فحم قاري