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Russia Sheet Iron: Charcoal-Packed Sheets Hammered to a Mirror Polish (Jordan after Koulibine, 1867)
The glossy blue-black Russia sheet iron, long a Russian secret, as the engineer Koulibine described it to Professor Jordan for the Paris Exhibition of 1867: charcoal iron is rolled into black sheets, then packed red-hot with powdered charcoal between them and hammered under a one-ton hammer, then polished cold under a second.
The charcoal, shut in between the hot sheets without air, cements the surface: it takes a high polish and rusts less. Once cemented, a sheet must not go back into the heating furnace.
Unknown: how the charcoal finery iron is made. The source does not give it.
Source: 'Russia Sheet Iron', Scientific American Supplement No. 154 (1878), pp. 2448-2449, after Jordan's 1867 report. Picture: the article.
متقدم
Unknown
التعليمات
1
1
Roll the blooms into leaves
Roll the blooms into leaves
Start from charcoal iron made in finery fires and brought into blooms about one inch thick. Heat the blooms to cherry heat and roll them into leaves. Ours: the furnace and the rolling mill; the source names neither.
المواد لهذه الخطوة:
حديد التنقية بالفحم النباتي1 blooms about 1 inch thickالأدوات المطلوبة:
فرن لهب عاكس
مدحلة الدرفلة
كلّابة حدادة2
2
Roll the black sheets
Roll the black sheets
Cut each leaf into pieces that match the weight of the sheets to be made. Pile the pieces on one another and roll them together until they are as thin as wanted. These are the black sheets.
الأدوات المطلوبة:
مقصّ صفائحفرن لهب عاكسمدحلة الدرفلةكلّابة حدادة3
3
Pack with charcoal
Pack with charcoal
Heat a number of black sheets at a time to red heat and pile them one on another, sprinkling pulverized charcoal, a black impalpable powder, between each two. Two thicker sheets form the bottom and the cover of the packet. Ours: we pound lump charcoal in a mortar.
المواد لهذه الخطوة:
فحم نباتي بقطع كبيرة (خشب صلب)1 pulverizedالأدوات المطلوبة:
هاون ومِدَقّ حجريانفرن لهب عاكسكلّابة حدادة4
4
Hammer the packet
Hammer the packet
Hammer the packet to thin the sheets further, under a hammer whose head weighs 1,000 to 1,100 kg (2,200 to 2,400 lb). Ours: a trip hammer; the source does not say how the hammer is driven.
الأدوات المطلوبة:
مطرقة الحدباتكلّابة حدادة5
5
Polish under the second hammer
Polish under the second hammer
When the sheets are almost cold, bring them under a second hammer of the same weight with a large face, rounded at the edges, to give them polish and lustre. Do not put them back in the heating furnace.
الأدوات المطلوبة:
مطرقة الحدباتكلّابة حدادة6
6
Clip and sort
Clip and sort
Let the sheets cool completely, then clip them and sort them into three classes by the perfection of their polish. A first-class sheet is like a mirror, without a spot on its surface.
الأدوات المطلوبة:
مقصّ صفائحالمواد
2- 1 blooms about 1 inch thickعنصر نائب
- 1 pulverizedعنصر نائب
مواد المخططات المرتبطة
هذا المخطط يصنع
CC0 ملكية عامة
هذا المخطط مُصدر بموجب CC0. يحق لك نسخه وتعديله وتوزيعه واستخدامه لأي غرض، دون طلب إذن.
ادعم الصانع بشراء منتجات عبر مخططه حيث يكسب عمولة الصانع يحددها البائعون، أو أنشئ نسخة جديدة من هذا المخطط وضمّنه كرابط في مخططك لمشاركة الإيرادات.