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Saw File: Three-Square, Forged in a Boss, Cut by Hand and Hardened (Ure, 1839)

أنشأه

Forge

4. نوفمبر 2026

Saw File: Three-Square, Forged in a Boss, Cut by Hand and Hardened (Ure, 1839)

The file for sharpening saw teeth as Sheffield made it by hand: a three-square (triangular) bar of cast steel, not tapering, forged in a V-shaped boss, its teeth cut one by one with a chisel and hammer, then hardened under a coat of animal carbon and salt and quenched in cold spring water. Ure says saw files in particular should be hardened with the carbon mixture, so they will cut iron and steel. Not given: sizes and teeth per inch. Source: A. Ure, Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines (1839), File. Picture: our drawing.

متقدم

Unknown

التعليمات

Forge the blank

Draw cast steel out square at the forge, then lay it with one angle down in a boss whose recess has two sides meeting at an angle, so the hammer forms one side and the boss the other two. Keep it the same size along its length (saw files are not tapered).

المواد لهذه الخطوة:

فولاذ البوتقة1 cast steel bar

أبعاد غير معروفة1 قطعة

الأدوات المطلوبة:

كور الحدّاد

كلّابة حدادة

قالب تدوير سفلي

مطرقة

مطرقة ثقيلة

Cut the teeth

On an anvil with a flat, even face, hold the file down with a leather strap over each end, the workman's feet in the straps like stirrups. Cut the teeth with a chisel a little broader than the file, sharpened to about 20 degrees, struck with a hammer of 1 to 6 lb. For single cut, run a fine file lightly over the teeth to take off the roughness; for double cut, cut a second set nearly at right angles to the first.

الأدوات المطلوبة:

سندان فولاذي

سير جلدي

إزميل بارد

مطرقة

مبرد معادن

Cut the other sides

To cut the next side, lay the file in a piece of lead-tin alloy with an angular groove, so the teeth already cut are not spoiled on the anvil.

الأدوات المطلوبة:

لحام قصدير-رصاص

سندان فولاذي

إزميل بارد

مطرقة

Coat for hardening

Distil shoemakers' and curriers' leather refuse in an iron still and powder the bright coal left. Grind about equal parts by bulk of this carbon and salt to the consistence of cream with water and cover the file with it.

الأدوات المطلوبة:

أنبيق حديد

ملح

ماء

Harden

Hold the file by the tang in a fire of very small cokes, drawing it out often, until it is an even cherry red from tang to point. Plunge it straight down, quickly, into clear spring water as cold as possible.

الأدوات المطلوبة:

كور الحدّاد

فحم كوك معدني

كلّابة حدادة

ماء

Clean and oil

Brush the file with water and powdered cokes until clean and metallic, wash it in two or three waters to take off all the salt, dip it in lime-water, dry it quickly before the fire and oil it while warm with olive oil containing a little oil of turpentine.

الأدوات المطلوبة:

فحم كوك معدني

ماء