The MacPherson Strut: The Damper Is the Upper Link

Independent front suspension usually needs two wishbones per wheel, a spring and a damper. Earle S. MacPherson, an engineer at General Motors and then Ford, combined the damper, the spring and the upper link into one telescopic strut running from the hub up to the body, with a single lower link at the bottom. His patent was filed in 1947 and granted in 1953. It is cheap, light and compact, and it leaves room across the car for the engine — which is why most small front-wheel-drive cars use it. This rung computes how the wheel's camber changes as the suspension moves, and builds a cardboard front-view model to measure it with a protractor.

متوسط

About 3 hours

التعليمات

Read MacPherson's patent

US 2,624,592, 'Vehicle Wheel Suspension System', Earle S. MacPherson of Detroit, filed 21 March 1947 (Serial 736,262), granted 6 January 1953. The wheel's stub axle is connected *"to the body by a vertical telescopic strut"* and *"by a pair of horizontal swinging links"*; one link is *"formed as a turnbuckle"* for adjustment, and rubber bushes give *"a certain degree of universal joint action"*. The figures include a section of the strut's shock-absorber valving.

Camber change over the travel

جارٍ تحميل دفتر Jupyter…

Build a front-view model

On a sheet of plywood, mark the car's centre line and 'ground'. Use the notebook's dimensions at half scale. Pin a strip of balsa as the lower link at its inner pivot. Make the strut from two cardboard tubes, one sliding in the other, pinned at the top mount and at the link's outer end. Glue a cardboard 'wheel' rigidly to the lower tube. Move the link end up and down in 20 mm steps and measure the wheel's lean with the protractor. Compare with the notebook. Then move the inner pivot up by 20 mm and repeat: the camber curve changes — this is how suspension designers tune it.

المواد لهذه الخطوة:

لوح خشب رقائقي1 ورقة

لوح خشب البلسا1 ورقة

أنبوب كرتوني2 قطع

براغي آلية4 قطع

الأدوات المطلوبة:

منقلة

مسطرة

مثقاب لاسلكي

طقم لقم ثقب

History and context

**US 2,624,592, 'Vehicle Wheel Suspension System', Earle S. MacPherson; filed 21 March 1947, granted 6 January 1953.** The design first went into production on Ford of Britain cars in the early 1950s and became the most common front suspension on small cars. **Honest limits.** The camber change and roll behaviour are harder to tune than with two wishbones; the strut's sliding seal carries side loads and wears; and the tall strut sets the height of the bonnet line.