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Metal Oxide Varistor: Zinc Oxide with 0.5 % Antimony Trioxide, Bismuth-Manganese Oxide Paste Fired On (Masuyama 1972, Ex. 7)

أنشأه

28. أكتوبر 2026

Metal Oxide Varistor: Zinc Oxide with 0.5 % Antimony Trioxide, Bismuth-Manganese Oxide Paste Fired On (Masuyama 1972, Ex. 7)

A varistor whose bismuth oxide and manganese dioxide are both fired on from a paste: 99.5 % zinc oxide with 0.5 % antimony trioxide by moles, sintered at 1350 °C, coated with a 70 : 30 bismuth oxide and manganese dioxide paste and fired at 800 °C. The disc measured a C-value of 140 at 1 mA and a nonlinearity exponent n of 40.8. Source: T. Masuyama, M. Matsuoka and T. Nishi (Matsushita), US 3,663,458 (1972), Example 7. Unknown: what the silver paint is, and how strong the epoxy solution of the paste is. The spraying is ours, after US Army Corps of Engineers EM 1110-2-3401 (1999). The 10 g batch is our arithmetic. Picture: the patent's drawing.

متقدم

2 days

التعليمات

Weigh 99.5 : 0.5 and wet-mill 5 hours

Mix zinc oxide and antimony trioxide 99.5 : 0.5 by moles. Ours, for 10 g: 9.823 g zinc oxide, 0.177 g antimony trioxide (our arithmetic). Mill wet for 5 hours, then dry, as in Example 1. Unknown: the milling liquid.

المواد لهذه الخطوة:

مسحوق أكسيد الزنك9.823 غ

ثالث أكسيد الأنتيمون0.177 غ

الأدوات المطلوبة:

ميزان ذو كفّتين

مطحنة كرات حديدية

فرن تجفيف

Press discs 13 mm by 2.5 mm

Press discs 13 mm across and 2.5 mm thick at 340 kg/cm², as in Example 1.

الأدوات المطلوبة:

مكبس هيدروليكي

قالب كبس الأقراص

قدمة ورنية

Sinter 1 hour at 1350 °C and furnace-cool

Sinter in air at 1350 °C for 1 hour and let the discs cool in the furnace.

الأدوات المطلوبة:

فرن مفل

Lap both faces

Lap both faces with silicon carbide abrasive. Example 7 gives no thickness.

الأدوات المطلوبة:

حبيبات كربيد السيليكون

قدمة ورنية

Coat with bismuth and manganese oxide paste, fire at 800 °C

Coat both lapped faces with a paste whose solids are 70 % bismuth oxide and 30 % manganese dioxide by weight, and fire it in air at 800 °C for 30 minutes. Example 7 does not name the paste's liquid; ours: the epoxy-resin butyl-alcohol solution of Example 4. Not given: how much paste.

المواد لهذه الخطوة:

أكسيد البزموت1 as required

ثاني أكسيد المنغنيز (بيرولوسيت)1 as required

الأدوات المطلوبة:

راتنج إيبوكسي

ن-بيوتانول

فرن مفل

Spray aluminium electrodes and attach leads

Spray a metallised film of aluminium on both faces. Attach a lead wire to each with conductive silver paint, as in Example 1. Ours, after US Army Corps of Engineers EM 1110-2-3401 (1999): wire-arc spray the aluminium from two 3.2 mm wires melted by an 18-40 V DC arc and atomised by compressed air, 15-20 cm from the disc and never at less than 45°, in at least two coats at right angles of 50-75 µm each. Unknown: the paint.

المواد لهذه الخطوة: