Phosphor Bronze Ingot: 90 Copper Melted under Charcoal with 10 Phosphor-Tin, Stirred with Graphite (Thurston)

Phosphor bronze is a tin bronze cleaned of oxide by a little phosphorus, which makes it sound, tough and springy. Thurston melts the copper under charcoal, stirs in phosphor-tin with a graphite bar, skims and pours at once. Result: phosphor bronze of 90 parts copper and 10 parts phosphor-tin, cast into ingots. Source: Thurston, A Treatise on Brasses, Bronzes and Other Alloys (1910), pp. 145-147. Not given: temperatures, mould. Picture drawn by Youblob.