SANAT
GÜZELLİK & SAĞLIK
ZANAAT
KÜLTÜR & TARİH
EĞLENCE
ÇEVRE
YİYECEK & İÇECEK
TERS MÜHENDİSLİK
BİLİMLER
SPOR
TEKNOLOJİ
GİYİLEBİLİR ÜRÜNLER
Aviation Gasoline by Catalytic Cracking over Silica-Alumina Gel at 750 °F (Voorhies, US 2,230,552)
Oil vapour passed over a hot silica-alumina gel cracks into gasoline of relatively high octane number. Voorhies (Standard Oil Development, 1941) showed that a light feed cracked at a low temperature, about 750 °F, gives aviation gasoline that needs little or no further refining.
Best result in the patent (Ex. 1, a light crude cut boiling 336-540 °F): 25.9 % of the feed as aviation gasoline (the table says 25.0 %), ASTM octane 81.0 clear and 91.7 with 3 cc of tetraethyl lead per gallon.
Variables: the feed, the temperature and the feed rate. Hotter and faster gives less gasoline and more unsaturates. Source: A. Voorhies Jr., US 2,230,552 (1941). Not given: reactor design, how the catalyst is regenerated, catalyst amounts. Highly flammable vapours. Picture: catalytic cracking units in Louisiana, about 1944 (FSA, public domain).
Uzman
1 day
Talimatlar
1
1
Fill the reactor with silica-alumina gel
Fill the reactor with silica-alumina gel
Pack the reaction zone with a synthetic gel of silica and alumina. Voorhies's gel was silica hydrogel soaked in aluminium nitrate solution, dried, and heated to break down the nitrate and activate it, with a silica to alumina molar ratio of about 12 to 1.
Gerekli aletler:
Sabit yataklı borulu reaktör
Silika-alümina jel katalizör2
2
Choose a light feed
Choose a light feed
The feed should have a mid-boiling point below 600 °F and an aniline point below 155 °F, better below 150 °F; the heavier the feed, the lower its aniline point must be. Kerosene of aniline point 145 °F (Ex. 6) qualifies. A gas oil of aniline point 173 °F (Ex. 5) gave a gasoline of acid heat 34 °F, against 12.5 °F in Ex. 1.
Bu adım için malzemeler:
Gazyağı0.6 volume per volume of catalyst per hourGerekli aletler:
Petrol depolama tankı3
3
Crack at 750 °F in half-hour runs
Crack at 750 °F in half-hour runs
Hold the reaction zone at 750 °F (range 700-800 °F). Pass 0.6 volume of liquid feed per volume of catalyst per hour, in half-hour cracking periods with a regeneration of the catalyst between them. Voorhies does not say how he regenerated it.
Gerekli aletler:
Sabit yataklı borulu reaktörSilika-alümina jel katalizör
Termometre4
4
Fractionate the cracked product
Fractionate the cracked product
Condense and fractionate the cracked products. Take aviation gasoline up to an end point of about 290 to 310 °F. In Ex. 2 the rest split into 8.7 % gas, 37.5 % heavy naphtha boiling 300-400 °F (octane 75.8 clear, usable as a blending agent or solvent) and 25 % gas oil.
Gerekli aletler:
Fraksiyonlu imbik
Yoğuşturucu serpantini
SuPetrol depolama tankı5
5
Variables: feed, temperature, rate
Variables: feed, temperature, rate
Ex. 1 (336-540 °F crude cut, 750 °F, 0.6): 25.9 %, octane 81.0 clear. Ex. 2 (244-507 °F cut, 725 °F, 0.3): 30.8 %, 79.2 clear, 89.5 with 3 cc lead. Ex. 6 (kerosene, 750 °F, 0.6): 20.1 %, acid heat 16 °F. Ex. 7 (gas oil, 850 °F, 1.2): 20.6 %, acid heat 70 °F against 20+ °F at 750 °F (Ex. 4).
Gerekli aletler:
Sabit yataklı borulu reaktörGerekli Aletler
7- Yer Tutucu
- Yer Tutucu
- Yer Tutucu
- Yer Tutucu
- Yer Tutucu
- Yer Tutucu
- Yer Tutucu
Bu planla yapılan
İlgili Blueprint'ler
Bu blueprint'ler bilgi paylaşır — teknikler, malzemeler veya ilkeler
Tehlikeli
Kerosene: Burning Oil Distillate Acid-Treated, Washed and Steam-Stilled to Fire Test (Sadtler, in Thorpe 1913)
Charlie tarafından
Endüstriyel
2
0
0
0
0
0
Gasoline by Pressure Cracking: Heavy Residue Distilled at 650-850 °F under 4-5 Atmospheres (Burton, US 1,049,667)
Charlie tarafından
Endüstriyel
2
0
0
0
0
0
CC0 Kamu Malı
Bu plan CC0 lisansıyla yayınlanmıştır. İzin almadan kopyalayabilir, değiştirebilir, dağıtabilir ve herhangi bir amaçla kullanabilirsiniz.
Planı üzerinden ürün satın alarak Maker'ı destekleyin, böylece Maker Komisyonu Satıcılar tarafından belirlenen komisyonu kazanırlar veya bu Planın yeni bir versiyonunu oluşturun ve gelir paylaşımı için kendi Planınıza bağlantı olarak ekleyin.