Heavy Gas Oil: the 620-1,050 °F Cut from Atmospheric and Vacuum Distillation of Crude Oil (Gulf, US 3,071,535)

A modern refinery splits crude oil in two towers: the first, at atmospheric pressure, takes off everything up to the furnace oil; the second, a vacuum tower, fractionates what is left to give gas oil for the catalytic cracker and a reduced crude for coking. Result (Gulf's example): from 100,000 barrels a day of Kuwait crude, 36,950 of heavy gas oil boiling from 620 to 1,050 °F. Source: Condrasky & Glazier, US 3,071,535 (Gulf, filed 1959), Table I. Not given: tower pressures, temperatures and vacuum. Hot oil: fire risk. Picture drawn by Youblob.