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Building Leonardo da Vinci's Aerial Screw — The Ancestor of the Helicopter
Emma

Створено

Emma

2. липень 2026SE
21
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Building Leonardo da Vinci's Aerial Screw — The Ancestor of the Helicopter

Around 1489 Leonardo da Vinci sketched a machine to rise straight up into the air: a huge screw of starched linen that, spun fast enough, would 'make its spiral in the air and rise'. It is the earliest known design for vertical flight — the direct ancestor of the helicopter rotor. This blueprint reconstructs Leonardo's aerial screw from a cane-and-linen helix on a spun axle, and is honest about the outcome: at human power it could never lift its own weight, yet its principle — a turning helical wing driving air downward — is exactly how every helicopter flies today, 450 years later.
Просунутий
20

Інструкції

1

Understand Leonardo's idea

Just as a wood screw bites into a plank as it turns, Leonardo reasoned a large screw turning fast would bite into the air and climb. He wrote that a well-made screw of starched linen, spun quickly, 'will make its spiral in the air and it will rise high'. This is the first design for vertical flight.
2

Raise the central axle

Fix a stout vertical pole as the central axle, standing on a round platform that can turn freely. Everything spins about this axle, so it must be straight, strong and well seated.

Матеріали для цього кроку:

Beech LumberBeech Lumber2 штук

Необхідні інструменти ({count})

Hand SawHand Saw
3

Form the helical frame

Bend lengths of springy cane into a continuous spiral rising around the axle — the thread of the screw — and lash them to radial arms fixed to the pole. The spiral should make about one full turn from platform to top.

Матеріали для цього кроку:

Split CaneSplit Cane3 пучків
Binding RopeBinding Rope20 метрів

Необхідні інструменти ({count})

KnifeKnife
4

Cover with stiffened linen

Stretch linen tightly over the spiral frame and stiffen it with starch or boiled linseed oil, as Leonardo specified, so the screw presents one continuous solid face to the air rather than a leaky mesh.

Матеріали для цього кроку:

Linen FabricLinen Fabric30 square meter
Boiled Linseed OilBoiled Linseed Oil1 літр

Необхідні інструменти ({count})

AwlAwl
5

Rig the drive

Attach cords or push-bars at the base so several people can run around the platform and spin the screw as fast as they can — the muscle power Leonardo intended to turn it.

Матеріали для цього кроку:

Binding RopeBinding Rope15 метрів

Необхідні інструменти ({count})

KnifeKnife
6

Spin it and feel the downwash

Spin the screw up to speed and feel the column of air it drives downward beneath it. That downwash is genuine thrust — the machine really does push against the air, exactly as a helicopter rotor does.
7

The honest verdict

At full size and human power it cannot lift its own weight: the linen-and-cane structure is heavy and muscle power is far too weak, and Leonardo had no light engine. It never flew. But the concept — a rotating helical wing throwing air down to climb — is precisely the principle of the helicopter, sketched 450 years early.
8

Prove the principle at model scale

Build a small, light version and spin it with a wound cord or a little motor: it lifts off. This shows Leonardo's reasoning was sound — only the power-to-weight ratio available in 1489 stood between his drawing and true flight.

Матеріали

5

Необхідні інструменти

3

Матеріали з пов'язаних креслень

Пов'язані креслення

Ці креслення діляться знаннями — техніки, матеріали або принципи

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CC0 Суспільне надбання

Це креслення випущено під ліцензією CC0. Ви можете вільно копіювати, змінювати, поширювати та використовувати цю роботу для будь-яких цілей без запиту дозволу.

Підтримайте мейкера, купуючи продукти через його креслення, де він отримує Комісію мейкера встановлену вендорами, або створіть нову ітерацію цього креслення та включіть його як зв'язок у власне креслення для розподілу доходу.

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