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Adjustable Concave Beater Churn: Beaters You Turn to Meet the Cream at Any Level
A concave beater carries air into cream only where its face meets the cream's surface flat; fixed on its arms, that confines the churn "to a definite and unchangeable quantity of milk."
Thomas G. Clinton, George H. Knight and Edward H. Knight of Cincinnati, Ohio, received US 6,764, dated 2 October 1849, for an adjustable churn-dasher: concave beaters rotating vertically, each mounted between arms so it "can lie between the arms at any desired angle," for instance by "a square mortise in the arm with an octagonal journal to the beater," so the face and the surface can be brought into the same plane at any level of milk. The dasher comes apart for scalding, and they brought no metal into contact with the milk.
This rung works out the angle for a given level, then prints the arms and four concave beaters with octagonal journals, fits them in a box, and makes butter.
Intermediate
About 3 hours, plus printing
Instructions
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1
Angle for the level
Angle for the level
Loading Jupyter Notebook...
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Buckets that carry air below the surface before it
Buckets that carry air below the surface before it
The embedded blueprint carries air down in fixed buckets, which works best at one level. Clinton and the Knights make their concave beaters adjustable to any level.
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3
Read US 6,764
Read US 6,764
"Being permanently fixed to arms extending from the axis of motion, the beater, (if the milk rises above that level) dips into the liquid by its inner edge; and, if the milk falls below the same level, the beater slides into the liquid by its outer edge—thus in both cases leaving the air where it found it; viz—at the surface of the milk."
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Print the parts
Print the parts
Print two sets of arms (/uploads/blueprints/adjustable-concave-beater-churn-arms.stl), each four arms with a square mortise near the end, and four concave beaters on their sides (/uploads/blueprints/adjustable-concave-beater-churn-beater.stl): half-tube troughs with an octagonal journal at each end. Print the crank arm (/uploads/blueprints/adjustable-concave-beater-churn-crank-arm.stl). Print in PLA at 0.2 mm layers, 30 % infill, 4 walls; wash before first use.
Materials for this step:
PLA Filament1 pieceTools needed:
FDM 3D Printer5
5
Assemble the dasher
Assemble the dasher
Slide the two arm sets onto a 10 mm square hardwood shaft 142 mm apart, mortises in line. Push each beater's octagonal journals into a pair of mortises, turned to the angle the notebook gives for your cream's level, and pin the arms on the shaft with wedges, as theirs.
Materials for this step:
Hardwood Dowels1 piece
Hardwood Block1 pieceTools needed:
Hand Saw
Sandpaper6
6
The box
The box
Take a food-safe box about 200 × 190 × 190 mm. Drill both ends on the axis 100 mm up, pass the shaft through with a leather washer at each end, and glue the crank arm and a dowel handle on.
Materials for this step:
Food-Grade Storage Container1 piece
Leather Strip1 piece
Wood Glue1 pieceTools needed:
Cordless Drill
Drill Bit Set7
7
The build in 3D
The build in 3D
FreeCAD model of this build, not of the patent: the box with one side off to show the two arm sets on the shaft and the four concave beaters, each turned on its octagonal journals, with the crank.
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8
Set, crank and make butter
Set, crank and make butter
Let the heavy cream stand until it reaches about 15 °C, checked with the thermometer. Pour in 1.5 litres and note how far below the shaft the cream stands. Set the beaters to the notebook's angle, crank so the hollow faces come down onto the cream, and time until the butter comes. Pour off the buttermilk, add cold water, churn a little and pour off again until it runs clear; work in a pinch of salt and weigh the butter.
Materials for this step:
Heavy Cream1500 ml
Coarse Sea Salt1 piece
Water1 pieceTools needed:
Leave-In Probe Thermometer
Stopwatch
Digital Kitchen Scale
Stainless Steel Mixing Bowl (Large)9
9
Few bubbles, beaters that turn on their own
Few bubbles, beaters that turn on their own
Adjustable concave beater churn troubleshooting.
Flow
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10
History and honest limits
History and honest limits
**Thomas G. Clinton, George H. Knight and Edward H. Knight** of Cincinnati, Ohio, received US 6,764, dated 2 October 1849. They also showed cylindrical journals held by pins or wedges, and a form with no shaft from head to head so the butter could gather within the beaters' sweep; they could use irons "at a cost of 18 cents." They claimed making the concave beater adjustable to any desired angle, so the face of the beater and the surface of the milk meet in the same plane at any quantity.
**Honest limits.** A food-safe box and printed parts stand in for their wooden churn; our octagons give settings 45° apart, not any angle. FDM prints hold food in their layer lines, so wash well and replace when worn. Your times and weights are the result.
Materials
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- 1500 mlPlaceholder
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Tools Required
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- 1 vendor sell this, none ship to you yetPlaceholder
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Design Files
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