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Bismuth Oxide: Bismuth Burned at a Red-White Heat in a Muffle (Thorpe 1913)
Heated to a red-white heat in a muffle, bismuth burns and its oxide condenses as a yellow powder. Bismuth trioxide, Bi2O3, has sp. gr. 8.21, contains 89.66 % bismuth, and melts at a red heat to a glass without losing weight.
Source: Thorpe, Dictionary of Applied Chemistry vol. 1 (1913), Bismuth. The porcelain dish and collecting the powder are ours. Picture drawn by Youblob.
Intermediate
half a day
Instructions
1
1
Heat bismuth to a red-white heat in a muffle
Heat bismuth to a red-white heat in a muffle
Put bismuth metal in the muffle (ours: in a porcelain dish) and raise it to a red-white heat. The metal burns. Ours: a dust respirator for the fume.
Materials for this step:
Bismuth1 as requiredTools needed:
Muffle Furnace
Crucible with Lid (Porcelain)
Crucible Tongs
Heat-Resistant Gloves
P100 Respirator2
2
Collect the yellow oxide
Collect the yellow oxide
The oxide condenses as a yellow powder. Let the muffle cool and collect it.
Tools needed:
Crucible TongsP100 RespiratorTools Required
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