Rocking Bucket-Dasher Churn: A Crank and Rod Rock a Dasher of Bucketed Arms, a Fixed Bucket Breaks the Current

"the rapid oscillating motion thus imparted to the dasher, through the medium of buckets (e' g', K) forces the cream into violent opposing currents, at the same time, the concussive action of the buckets (e', g') and arms (e, g) and bar (E) upon the cream is fully developed, thereby producing, a rapid and violent agitation of the cream"

Use a wooden tub 360 mm across inside at the floor, 320 mm at the top and 420 mm deep. Stand it on a bed board 520 x 560 mm between two guide strips. Glue and screw a hardwood block K, 60 x 300 x 60 mm, across the middle of the floor, with a 24 x 24 mm socket 50 mm deep near each end for the slides. Fill the tub with water overnight so it swells tight, then empty it.

Cut two slides 20 x 24 mm, 255 mm long, bore each 21 mm 225 mm from its foot for the shaft's journal, and a row of 6 mm holes near the foot for a set screw through the block K. Make the shaft F a 20 mm hardwood dowel 280 mm long. Mortise through it two arms e 20 x 30 mm, 210 mm long, 150 mm apart, two arms g 20 x 30 mm, 260 mm long, at right angles to them, 80 mm apart, and the bar E 20 x 30 mm, 235 mm long, between the arms e, its long end reaching 100 mm past the shaft and bored 12.6 mm. Screw three U-channel buckets 170 x 40 x 20 mm of hardwood across the ends: one on the arms e and E's short end, one on each end of the arms g. Stand the slides in K with the shaft's ends in them, 240 mm up.

Bolt two posts of 40 x 30 mm hardwood to the bed beside the tub, 400 mm apart, 850 mm tall, and bore them 12.6 mm 690 mm above the tub's floor. Bend a 12 mm stainless shaft C into a crank of 50 mm throw in its middle, heating the bends red with the torch, and run it through the posts over the bar E's end. Pin the wheel h on one end and a hardwood balance wheel k, 260 mm across and 30 mm thick, on the other. Fix a 20 mm stud above h for the wheel G, meshing, with a crank handle H. Join the crank to E's end with a hardwood rod D, 450 mm between its pins.

Pour in heavy cream at about 15 °C, checked with the thermometer; for less cream, lower the slides in K so the dasher still works in it. Turn the crank H steadily, timing it. When the butter comes, lift the rod off the crank and the dasher out on its slides, take out the butter, drain the buttermilk, wash the butter in cold water until it runs clear, salt and weigh it.

**Gillett Bunting** of Liberty, Union County, Indiana, assignor to himself and W. M. Jarrell, US 26,226, 22 November 1859, "Churn-Dasher". He disclaimed hinged churn-dashers and oscillating movement as such, and claimed the vibrating movement of the dasher by the arms with the crank, driving wheel and connecting rod, with the current breaker K. The patent gives no sizes; every size here is ours. His frame B stands on the shell's top; ours is two posts on the bed beside it.