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Ceramic Disc Capacitors: Barium Titanate with Nickel Stannate, Pressed, Fired and Silvered (Coffeen, US 2,789,061)
Ed

Created by

Ed

2. November 2026FI
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Ceramic Disc Capacitors: Barium Titanate with Nickel Stannate, Pressed, Fired and Silvered (Coffeen, US 2,789,061)

Barium titanate with 3 mole % nickel stannate is calcined, pressed into small discs and fired hard. Silver is fired onto both faces and a lead soldered to each, giving ceramic disc capacitors of high capacity for their size. Result: discs 3/8 inch across and about 1/10 inch thick with a dielectric constant averaging 2380 and a dissipation factor of 0.58 %. Between 25 and 85 °C the dielectric constant rose at most 17 % and fell at most 7 %. Source: W. W. Coffeen (Metal & Thermit Corp.), US 2,789,061 (1957). Unknown: how the barium titanate, the nickel stannate and the tinned lead wire are made; the patent uses them ready-made. Picture: Wikimedia Commons.
Advanced
10 days

Instructions

1

Weigh and slurry

Weigh 19.32 g of barium titanate and 0.68 g of hydrated nickel stannate (about NiSnO3·2H2O), which is 97 mole % BaTiO3 and 3 mole % NiSnO3. Slurry them with 50 cc of distilled water. The patent prefers 2 to 4 mole % nickel stannate; 1 to 15 % works.

Materials for this step:

Barium TitanateBarium Titanate19.32 g
Nickel StannateNickel Stannate0.68 g

Tools needed:

Distilled WaterDistilled Water
Precision Digital ScalePrecision Digital Scale
Evaporating DishEvaporating Dish
2

Dry, sieve and calcine

Dry the slurry, crush it to pass a 50 mesh screen, moisten it with 5 % of a 2 1/2 % starch solution and press it into one slug. Calcine the slug for one hour at 1600 °F (871 °C). Ours: potato starch, a drying oven, mortar and pestle.

Tools needed:

Potato StarchPotato Starch
Drying OvenDrying Oven
Mortar and PestleMortar and Pestle
SieveSieve
Hydraulic PressHydraulic Press
High-fire KilnHigh-fire Kiln
3

Press the discs

Grind the calcine to pass a 325 mesh screen, moisten it again with starch solution, and press small discs 3/8 inch in diameter and about 1/10 inch thick at 20,000 pounds per square inch.

Tools needed:

Mortar and PestleMortar and Pestle
Fine Mesh SieveFine Mesh Sieve
Potato StarchPotato Starch
Hydraulic PressHydraulic Press
Disc Pressing DieDisc Pressing Die
4

Fire on platinum

Fire the discs on platinum foil at 2400 °F (1316 °C) for one hour. They come out with zero absorption.

Tools needed:

High-fire KilnHigh-fire Kiln
PlatinumPlatinum
5

Silver and lead

Paint silver paint on both faces and fire the discs at 1350 °F (732 °C) for one hour. Solder tinned copper lead wires directly to the silver electrodes. Age at least a week before measuring. Ours: a fine brush and a soldering iron.

Materials for this step:

Fired Silver PaintFired Silver Paint1 both faces
Tinned Copper WireTinned Copper Wire2 leads per disc
Solder WireSolder Wire1 a little

Tools needed:

Fine-pointed BrushesFine-pointed Brushes
High-fire KilnHigh-fire Kiln
Soldering IronSoldering Iron

Materials

5

Tools Required

14

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