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Trundle-and-Pitman Churn: One Crank Turns the Dasher Staff and Lifts It Up and Down at Once
Edward L. Dorsey of Greenwood, Indiana, received US 23,556, dated 12 April 1859, for giving a churn's dashers two motions at once. A crank turns a wheel with teeth on its face. The teeth work between the rounds of a trundle (lantern) wheel on the dasher staff and turn it, while a pin on the same wheel works a pitman that lifts and drops the staff. The staff carries a round dasher at its foot and an armed whipping dasher above; the up-and-down dasher keeps the cream from simply swirling round.
This rung builds it in wood and steel rod on a square food container.
Intermediate
About 8 hours
Instructions
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Two motions from one crank
Two motions from one crank
Loading Jupyter Notebook...
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A crank that lifts the dasher, before it
A crank that lifts the dasher, before it
Rarey's crank only lifted the dasher. Dorsey's turns it as well, from the same wheel.
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Read US 23,556
Read US 23,556
"... the teeth of wheel H work between the rounds n, n, n, of trundle wheel C, and give a circular motion to the said dashers. Thus the staff and dashers have two distinct motions—a vertical reciprocating and a rotary motion."
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Body A, top and upright B
Body A, top and upright B
Use a square food-grade container about 300 x 300 x 320 mm. Cut an 18 mm plywood top 340 mm square with a 24 mm hole in the middle for the staff, and screw two cleats underneath so it sits square on the rim. Screw a hardwood upright B 44 x 44 mm, 300 mm tall, to the top, its near face 110 mm from the hole, and bore it 12.5 mm square to the top, 260 mm above it.
Materials for this step:
Food-Grade Storage Container1 piece
Plywood Sheet1 piece
Hardwood Board1 piece
Wood Screws10 pieces
Wood Glue1 pieceTools needed:
Hand Saw
Jigsaw
Spade Bit Set
Cordless Drill
Drill Bit Set
Screwdriver Set
Tape Measure5
5
Wheel H and shaft I
Wheel H and shaft I
Cut an 18 mm plywood disc 300 mm across. Drill 36 holes 8 mm across, evenly round a 280 mm circle, and glue in 8 mm hardwood dowels standing 16 mm proud of the front face as the teeth. Drill an 8 mm hole 45 mm from the centre and press in an 8 mm steel pin 16 mm proud as pin o. Glue a hardwood hub 60 mm across on the back. Fix a 12 mm stainless rod through hub and disc with an M4 screw across as shaft I, pass it through the upright, and fix a hardwood crank D 132 mm long with a dowel handle on its far end.
Materials for this step:
Plywood Sheet1 piece
Hardwood Dowels1 pieceWood Glue1 piece
Stainless Steel Rod1 pieceHardwood Board1 piece
Machine Screws2 pieces
Nylon Insert Lock Nut2 piecesTools needed:
JigsawCordless DrillDrill Bit Set
Hacksaw
Files (Hand File)
SandpaperScrewdriver Set6
6
Staff E, trundle C and dashers
Staff E, trundle C and dashers
Cut two hardwood heads M 74 mm across and 6 mm thick, bore each 20 mm in the middle and drill 8 holes 8 mm across on a 62 mm circle; glue in 8 dowel rounds n 116 mm long. Cut a 20 mm hardwood dowel 594 mm long as staff E and drill an 8.5 mm hole across it 14 mm below its top. Cut dasher J, an 18 mm plywood disc 200 mm across with six 28 mm holes, and dasher K, two plywood arms 230 x 24 mm halved into a cross. Glue J on the staff's foot, K 112 mm above it and the trundle where its middle meets the teeth with the staff halfway up its stroke.
Materials for this step:
Hardwood Board1 pieceHardwood Dowels1 piecePlywood Sheet1 pieceWood Glue1 pieceTools needed:
Hand SawJigsawCordless DrillDrill Bit Set
Hole Saw Kit
ClampsSandpaper7
7
Pitman F
Pitman F
Bend an 8 mm stainless rod in the vise: a small eye at one end to go on pin o, then a straight length 80 mm from the eye's centre to a right-angle bend, then a leg 56 mm long that goes across through the hole in the staff's top as the pivot. Put the staff in through the top, set the eye on pin o with a washer and lock nut, and push the leg through the staff.
Materials for this step:
Stainless Steel Rod1 piece
Flat Washer1 pieceNylon Insert Lock Nut1 pieceTools needed:
Bench ViseHacksawFiles (Hand File)
Adjustable Spanner8
8
The build in 3D
The build in 3D
FreeCAD model of this build, the near half of the container cut away: the top and upright, wheel H with its dowel teeth and pin o, shaft I and crank D, the pitman bent into the staff's top, trundle C, and dashers K and J. It was checked for clashes at 12 crank positions through a full turn.
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Churn
Churn
Lift the top, pour in about 12 litres of heavy cream at about 15 °C, checked with the thermometer, and set the top back. Turn the crank steadily and time it: the dashers turn and rise and fall together. When the butter comes, lift the top and staff out, pour off the buttermilk, wash the butter in cold water until it runs clear, work in a pinch of salt and weigh it.
Materials for this step:
Heavy Cream12 l
Coarse Sea Salt1 piece
Water1 pieceTools needed:
Leave-In Probe Thermometer
Stopwatch
Digital Kitchen Scale
Stainless Steel Mixing Bowl (Large)10
10
Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting
Trundle-and-pitman churn troubleshooting.
Flow
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History and honest limits
History and honest limits
**Edward L. Dorsey** of Greenwood, Johnson County, Indiana, US 23,556, 12 April 1859, "Churn". He found it best in a square box, the rising and falling lower dasher checking the swirl the upper one gives. He claimed the trundle wheel, staff, pitman and cog wheel together. He gave no sizes or materials: every size and material here is ours.
Materials
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Tools Required
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Design Files
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