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Fructose: Invert Sugar Separated with Lime as Calcium Laevulosate
Charlie

Created by

Charlie

19. October 2026DE
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Fructose: Invert Sugar Separated with Lime as Calcium Laevulosate

Fructose (laevulose) is the fruit sugar; ordinary sugar is fructose and glucose joined. Thorpe's Dictionary (1912) separates them: invert the sugar with acid, then stir lime into the ice-cold solution. The fructose comes down as calcium laevulosate, which hardly dissolves in ice water, while the glucose stays in solution. Carbon dioxide then frees the fructose. It melts at 95 °C and is sweeter than ordinary sugar. The picture: our diagram.
Intermediate
1–2 days

Instructions

1

Invert the sugar

Warm a sugar solution with a little mineral acid to split it into glucose and fructose (invert sugar). Ours: dilute sulphuric acid, as required.

Materials for this step:

White SugarWhite Sugar1 piece

Tools needed:

Dilute Sulfuric AcidDilute Sulfuric Acid
Distilled WaterDistilled Water
Large Stainless Steel PotLarge Stainless Steel Pot
Hot PlateHot Plate
Chemical Splash GogglesChemical Splash Goggles
Rubber GlovesRubber Gloves
2

Remove the acid with baryta

Neutralise the acid with baryta (ours: barium oxide) and filter off the barium sulphate. Make the invert sugar up to a 10 % solution.

Tools needed:

Barium OxideBarium Oxide
pH Indicator PaperpH Indicator Paper
Glass Funnel - StemmedGlass Funnel - Stemmed
Filter PaperFilter Paper
Balance ScaleBalance Scale
3

Lime it ice-cold

Ice-cold, add 6 g finely powdered slaked lime to every 100 cc and stir, with the vessel standing in ice water, until the milky liquid turns creamy. The fructose comes down as calcium laevulosate; the glucose stays dissolved.

Materials for this step:

Slaked LimeSlaked Lime6 g per 100 ml

Tools needed:

Heat-Resistant Glass BeakerHeat-Resistant Glass Beaker
Crushed IceCrushed Ice
Thermometer - LabThermometer - Lab
4

Filter and press

Filter through linen and press hard to get rid of most of the liquid.

Tools needed:

Linen FabricLinen Fabric
Cloth Screw PressCloth Screw Press
5

Free the fructose with carbon dioxide

Suspend the pressed mass in water and pass in carbon dioxide. Filter, then evaporate the solution under vacuum over sulphuric acid: anhydrous fructose remains.

Tools needed:

Carbon Dioxide GasCarbon Dioxide Gas
Distilled WaterDistilled Water
Glass Funnel - StemmedGlass Funnel - Stemmed
Filter PaperFilter Paper
Vacuum PumpVacuum Pump
Concentrated Sulfuric AcidConcentrated Sulfuric Acid

Materials

2

Tools Required

19

This blueprint makes

Thumbnail
Placeholder

Fructose

Free

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