ART
BEAUTY & WELLNESS
CRAFT
CULTURE & HISTORY
ENTERTAINMENT
ENVIRONMENT
FOOD & DRINKS
REVERSE ENGINEERING
SCIENCES
SPORTS
TECHNOLOGY
WEARABLES
Germanium: Germanium Dioxide Reduced with Carbon at Full Red Heat, Fused under Borax (Roscoe 1913)
Carbon takes the oxygen from germanium dioxide at a full red heat. Washing removes the leftover carbon and a little borax melts the regulus clean.
Result: greyish-white, brittle, lustrous germanium (sp. gr. 5.47, melts about 960 °C), often in octahedra.
Source: Roscoe and Schorlemmer, A Treatise on Chemistry vol. 2 (1913), p. 838. Not given: amounts and vessel. Picture drawn by Youblob.
Intermediate
1 day
Instructions
1
1
Reduce with carbon at full red heat
Reduce with carbon at full red heat
Heat germanium dioxide with carbon to a full red heat. Ours: powdered charcoal in a clay crucible.
Materials for this step:
Germanium Dioxide1 as requiredTools needed:
Charcoal
Stone Mortar and Pestle
Clay Crucible - Refractory
Crucible Furnace
Crucible Tongs2
2
Wash out the carbon
Wash out the carbon
Wash the semi-crystalline regulus with water to remove the carbon.
Tools needed:
Water
Glass Beaker3
3
Fuse with a little borax
Fuse with a little borax
Fuse the metal with a little borax.
Tools needed:
Borax PowderClay Crucible - RefractoryCrucible FurnaceCrucible TongsMaterials
1- 1 as requiredPlaceholder
Tools Required
8- Placeholder
- Placeholder
- Placeholder
- Placeholder
- Placeholder
- Placeholder
- Placeholder
- Placeholder
This blueprint makes
Related Blueprints
These blueprints share knowledge with this one — techniques, materials, or principles that connect them in the learning graph.
CC0 Public Domain
This blueprint is released under CC0. You are free to copy, modify, distribute, and use this work for any purpose, without asking permission.
Support the Maker by purchasing products through their Blueprint where they earn a Maker Commission set by Vendors, or create a new iteration of this Blueprint and include it as a connection in your own Blueprint to share revenue.