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Heat Exchanger: the Double-Pipe Residual Exchanger (Bell, 1923)
A heat exchanger built from stock pipe: runs of one pipe inside another, joined by return bends. Hot residuum from the stills flows one way in the outer pipe while cold crude flows the other way in the inner one, so the crude reaches the stills already warm.
Variable: 2 in within 3 in, or 3 in within 4 in, and the number of runs (Bell's Fig. 73 has 16). Expect a transfer rate of 14 to 18 B.t.u.
Source: H. S. Bell, American Petroleum Refining (1923), pp. 156-162. Unknown: run length, packing. Picture: Fig. 73 of the book.
Advanced
Unknown
Instructions
1
1
Choose the pipe pair
Choose the pipe pair
Use 2 in pipe inside 3 in, or 3 in inside 4 in. Plan the number of runs (Fig. 73: 16 runs of 2 in in 3 in). Not given: run length.
Tools needed:
Unknown Dimensions2
2
Put up the supports
Put up the supports
Stand up channel-iron supports and bolt the runs to them, stacked so the bends line up at each end (Fig. 73).
Materials for this step:
Steel Channel Section1 supports
Hex Bolt - Grade 8.81 pieceTools needed:
Pipe Wrench3
3
Assemble the runs
Assemble the runs
Slide each inner pipe into its outer pipe. At one end join the outer pipes with 3 in return bends whose stuffing boxes the 2 in pipe passes through; make the boxes extra deep, because hot oil penetrates. Join the inner pipes with 2 in return bends with unions. Use heavy fittings; steel ones on the first runs where the oil is 460 °F or hotter.
Materials for this step:
Steel Pipe (thick-walled, threaded ends)1 2 in and 3 in runs
Threaded Pipe Fitting1 return bends, unions, stuffing boxes
Unknown Packing1 stuffing boxesTools needed:
Pipe Wrench4
4
Connect the headers
Connect the headers
Run counter-current: hot residuum from the stills enters the outer pipes from a 3 in header and leaves cold to storage by another; cold oil from storage enters the inner pipes from a 2 in header and leaves hot to the stills. Valve the headers.
Materials for this step:
Steel Pipe (thick-walled, threaded ends)1 headers
Gate Valve2 piecesTools needed:
Pipe WrenchMaterials
6- 1 supportsPlaceholder
- 1 piecePlaceholder
- Placeholder
- 1 return bends, unions, stuffing boxesPlaceholder
- 1 stuffing boxesPlaceholder
- 2 piecesPlaceholder
Tools Required
2- Placeholder
- Placeholder
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