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Iron Sheet Hammered Out from Bar
Before rolling mills, iron plate for cauldrons and griddles was hammered out of bar by hand. The bar is spread sideways with the hammer's peen, flattened with the face, then planished with a flatter until it is an even sheet two to three millimetres thick.
The picture: a cauldron of riveted iron plates from Vendel, Uppland, Sweden (Swedish History Museum, SHM 7250:XI).
Advanced
A day
Instructions
1
1
Heat the bar
Heat the bar
Bring the wrought iron bar to a bright yellow-orange.
Materials for this step:
Wrought Iron Bar1 kg
Charcoal1 as requiredTools needed:
Blacksmith Forge
Blacksmith Tongs
Welding Gloves
Safety Glasses2
2
Spread it with the peen
Spread it with the peen
Strike with the cross peen running along the bar, so the grooves push the metal out sideways. Flatten the ridges with the face. Turn it over and repeat. Reheat as soon as it dulls.
Tools needed:
Anvil
Cross Peen HammerBlacksmith TongsWelding GlovesSafety Glasses3
3
Thin it evenly
Thin it evenly
Work outward from the middle, peen then face, until the plate is about 3 mm. Fold nothing: a fold will not weld back flat.
Tools needed:
Blacksmith ForgeAnvilCross Peen HammerWelding GlovesSafety Glasses4
4
Planish with a flatter
Planish with a flatter
With a helper on the sledge, set the flatter on the hot plate and planish the hammer marks out. Check it flat with a straight edge and the thickness with the caliper.
Tools needed:
Flatter
SledgehammerAnvil
Straight Edge
Digital Caliper 6-InchWelding GlovesSafety Glasses5
5
Trim the edges
Trim the edges
Cut ragged edges off with a cold chisel on the anvil while it is still warm.
Tools needed:
Cold ChiselAnvilCross Peen HammerWelding GlovesSafety Glasses6
6
How much sheet a bar gives
How much sheet a bar gives
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Tools Required
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