Opposed Spiral Wing Churn: Two Half-Spiral Wings Dash the Cream From End to End

"The two wings, F and F', having their spiral curves in opposite directions, or right and left, as seen in Figs. 2 and 3, being placed upon opposite sides of the shaft D, at every revolution of the shaft and wings, causes the milk or cream in the churn, to move suddenly from the end, toward, and past the center of the body of the churn."

Print two wings (/uploads/blueprints/opposed-spiral-wing-churn-wing.stl) on supports; one is used turned end for end, so the two curve opposite ways. Print in PETG at 0.2 mm layers, 30 % infill, 4 walls; wash before first use.

Lay a round food-grade container about 170 mm across and 180 mm long on its side in a pine cradle, a door in its top. Push both wings onto a 10 mm square hardwood shaft, one from each end, on opposite sides of the shaft, and run it through the container's ends on the axis.

Glue a pine crank arm and dowel handle on the shaft's end.

Let the heavy cream stand until it reaches about 15 °C, checked with the thermometer. Pour in 1.5 litres. Crank steadily, turning back now and then to clear the wings' backs, as he says; time until the butter comes. Turn slowly to gather it into a ball. Pour off the buttermilk, add cold water, churn a little and pour off again until it runs clear; work in a pinch of salt and weigh the butter.

**Enos Page** of Streetsboro, Portage County, Ohio, US 19,310, 9 February 1858. His body was zinc or sheet metal nailed to wooden ends. He did not claim spiral dashers forcing the cream alternately in opposite directions; he claimed the wings' arrangement, their radial edges sweeping the ends and their spiral edges each half the length. A container and printed wings stand in for his. FDM prints hold food in their layer lines, so wash well and replace when worn.