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Neodymium Magnets, Sample 21: 75Fe-8B-17Nd Sintered (Sagawa 1988)
Neodymium magnets are iron, boron and neodymium. Sagawa's team at Sumitomo melted the three together, ground the casting to a powder finer than 10 µm, lined the grains up in a magnetic field while pressing them, and sintered the compact in argon. This is their sample 21, 75 % iron, 8 % boron and 17 % neodymium by atoms: 31.1 MGOe.
Source: M. Sagawa et al. (Sumitomo Special Metals), US 4,770,723 (1988). Unknown: how the pure iron, the ferroboron and the neodymium metal are made, and how the finished magnets are magnetised; the patent does not say. The 1 kg weights are our arithmetic from the patent's atomic percentages. Picture: the patent's Fig. 8.
Expert
2 days
Instructions
1
1
Weigh sample 21: 75 Fe, 8 B, 17 Nd
Weigh sample 21: 75 Fe, 8 B, 17 Nd
Sample 21 is 75 % iron, 8 % boron and 17 % neodymium by atoms. Use 99.9 % electrolytic iron, ferroboron (19.38 % B, 5.32 % Al, 0.74 % Si, 0.03 % C, the rest iron) and neodymium of 99.7 % or better. Ours: a 1 kg melt, by arithmetic: 573.2 g iron, 66.3 g ferroboron, 364.5 g neodymium. Unknown: how these three are made.
Materials for this step:
Electrolytic Iron573.2 g
Ferroboron66.3 g
Neodymium Metal364.5 gTools needed:
Balance Scale2
2
Melt by high frequency in argon and cast
Melt by high frequency in argon and cast
Melt the charge in a high-frequency (induction) furnace under argon and pour it into a water-cooled copper mould.
Tools needed:
Induction Furnace
Clay Crucible - Refractory
Argon
Pressure Gas Cylinder
Water-Cooled Copper Mould
Heat-Resistant Gloves3
3
Stamp to 35 mesh, ball-mill to 3-10 µm
Stamp to 35 mesh, ball-mill to 3-10 µm
Crush the casting in a stamp mill until it passes a 35-mesh sieve. Then grind it in a ball mill for 3 hours, to 3-10 µm.
Tools needed:
Stamp Mill
Sieve Set (Graded Mesh)
Iron Ball Mill
Safety Glasses4
4
Press in a 10 kOe field at 1.5 t/cm²
Press in a 10 kOe field at 1.5 t/cm²
Line the powder up in a magnetic field of 10 kOe and press it at 1.5 tonnes per cm². Unknown: the size and shape of the magnets.
Tools needed:
Magnetic-Field Press5
5
Sinter in argon at 1000-1200 °C
Sinter in argon at 1000-1200 °C
Sinter the compacts at 1000-1200 °C for about one hour in argon, then let them cool. Sample 21 measured 11.6 kG remanence, 9.2 kOe coercivity and 31.1 MGOe.
Tools needed:
Tube Furnace
Argon
Pressure Gas Cylinder
Heat-Resistant Gloves6
6
Magnetise the magnets
Magnetise the magnets
Unknown: how the sintered magnets are magnetised. Sagawa measures them on a B-H tracer but gives no magnetising field or apparatus.
Tools needed:
Unknown Magnetising MethodMaterials
3- 573.2 gPlaceholder
- 66.3 gPlaceholder
- 364.5 gPlaceholder
Tools Required
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