Reading a Photoresistor — SIK Circuit 6
Use a photoresistor (light sensor) to control LED brightness. Learn about voltage dividers, analog input, and the map() function for sensor-to-output conversion.
Hướng dẫn
Parts & Introduction
Parts & Introduction
A photoresistor (or LDR — Light Dependent Resistor) changes resistance based on light levels. Combined with a fixed resistor, it forms a voltage divider that the Arduino can read as an analog value. You'll use this to control LED brightness automatically.
Parts Needed
- 1x Arduino Uno + USB cable
- 1x Breadboard
- 1x Photoresistor
- 1x LED (any color)
- 1x 330Ω Resistor
- 1x 10KΩ Resistor (for voltage divider)
- 6x Jumper Wires
Hardware Hookup
Hardware Hookup
Wiring Instructions
- Connect one side of the photoresistor to 5V.
- Connect the other side to Analog Pin A0.
- Connect a 10K resistor from Analog Pin A0 to GND (this completes the voltage divider).
- Connect the LED positive leg to Digital Pin 9 (PWM-capable).
- Connect the LED negative leg through a 330Ω resistor to GND.
The voltage divider produces a voltage proportional to light level, which the Arduino reads as 0-1023.
Arduino Code
Arduino Code
Open the Arduino IDE and upload the following sketch to your Arduino board.
/*
SparkFun Inventor's Kit
Example sketch 06 — PHOTORESISTOR
Use a photoresistor (light sensor) to control LED brightness.
Hardware connections:
Photoresistor: one side to 5V, other side to analog pin 0
10K resistor between analog pin 0 and GND
LED: positive to digital pin 9 (PWM), negative through 330 ohm to GND
This code is completely free for any use.
*/
const int sensorPin = 0;
const int ledPin = 9;
int lightLevel, high = 0, low = 1023;
void setup()
{
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
}
void loop()
{
lightLevel = analogRead(sensorPin);
manualTune();
//autoTune();
analogWrite(ledPin, lightLevel);
}
void manualTune()
{
lightLevel = map(lightLevel, 0, 1023, 0, 255);
lightLevel = constrain(lightLevel, 0, 255);
}
void autoTune()
{
if (lightLevel < low)
{
low = lightLevel;
}
if (lightLevel > high)
{
high = lightLevel;
}
lightLevel = map(lightLevel, low+30, high-30, 0, 255);
lightLevel = constrain(lightLevel, 0, 255);
}Test & Experiment
Test & Experiment
What You Should See
The LED brightness changes based on ambient light. Cover the photoresistor to dim or brighten the LED (depending on orientation).
Troubleshooting
- LED stays dark: Check LED polarity. Also verify the photoresistor is in the circuit correctly.
- Not responding to light: The photoresistor spacing is non-standard — make sure both legs are making good contact.
- Subtle changes: Try using a flashlight or covering the sensor completely for more dramatic results.
Experiments to Try
- Uncomment
autoTune()to let the Arduino automatically calibrate to your lighting conditions. - Use the sensor to trigger actions at specific light thresholds (e.g., turn on a "night light" when dark).
Vật liệu
- •SparkFun Inventor's Kit - V3.2 - 1 kitNOK 999.20
- •Arduino Uno R3 - 1 pieceTạm thời
- •Breadboard - 1 pieceTạm thời
- •Photoresistor - 1 pieceTạm thời
- •5mm LED - 1 pieceTạm thời
- •330 Ohm Resistor - 1 pieceNOK 24.00
- •10K Ohm Resistor - 1 pieceNOK 24.00
- •Jumper Wires - 6 piecessNOK 39.20
Công cụ yêu cầu
- Computer with Arduino IDE
CC0 Phạm vi công cộng
Bản thiết kế này được phát hành theo CC0. Bạn tự do sao chép, sửa đổi, phân phối và sử dụng cho bất kỳ mục đích nào mà không cần xin phép.
Hỗ trợ nhà sáng tạo bằng cách mua sản phẩm qua bản thiết kế, nơi họ nhận Hoa hồng nhà sáng tạo do nhà bán hàng đặt, hoặc tạo phiên bản mới và kết nối trong bản thiết kế riêng để chia sẻ doanh thu.