Titanium Tetrachloride: Dry Chlorine over Titanium Dioxide and Carbon (Thorpe 1913)

Chlorine alone cannot pull titanium out of its oxide, but with carbon there to take the oxygen it can. The titanium leaves the hot tube as a vapour that condenses to a clear liquid. Result: titanium tetrachloride, a colourless liquid boiling at 136.4 °C. Water decomposes it, so keep it dry. Source: Thorpe, Dictionary of Applied Chemistry vol. 5 (1913), p. 502. Not given: proportions, temperature and apparatus. Chlorine is a poison gas. Picture drawn by Youblob.