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Absolute Alcohol: Spirit Dried over Potash and Quicklime (Drinkwater)
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Charlie

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Charlie

19. uMfumfu 2026DE
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Absolute Alcohol: Spirit Dried over Potash and Quicklime (Drinkwater)

Strong spirit still holds a few per cent of water. Drinkwater dried it first over potassium carbonate, then over fresh-burnt quicklime, distilling it each time from a water bath at about 82°, until its specific gravity fell to 0.794 at 15.6° (Thorpe, 1912). Keep it away from flames and stoppered: it takes water back from the air. The picture: our diagram.
Ophakathi
About 10 days

Imiyalelo

1

Over potash

Let 1 litre of strong spirit stand over 300 g of dry potassium carbonate for 24 hours, shaking now and then. Pour off the spirit.

Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:

I-ethanol - izinga lelabhorethri, 95 %I-ethanol - izinga lelabhorethri, 95 %1 ilitha

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

I-potassium carbonate (i-potash)I-potassium carbonate (i-potash)
Amabhodlela engilazi anezivimboAmabhodlela engilazi anezivimbo
Isikali sesilinganisoIsikali sesilinganiso
2

Over quicklime

Put the spirit in the retort with as much fresh-burnt quicklime, broken small, as will soak up all of it, and let it stand.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Ukalika ongacishiweUkalika ongacishiwe
Isitsha sengilazi sokuhluzaIsitsha sengilazi sokuhluza
Isigqulo NomgquloIsigqulo Nomgqulo
3

Distil from the water bath

Stand the retort in a water bath and distil slowly at about 82° into a dry flask.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Isitsha sengilazi sokuhluzaIsitsha sengilazi sokuhluza
Ibhodlela elinesisekelo esiyindilingaIbhodlela elinesisekelo esiyindilinga
Ibhodwe elinezindonga eziphakemeIbhodwe elinezindonga eziphakeme
Ipuleti ElishisayoIpuleti Elishisayo
IthemomithaIthemomitha
4

Again over fresh lime

Return the distillate to the retort with fresh, dry, powdered quicklime, leave it a week at room temperature, and distil again slowly at 81–82°, keeping air out of the receiver.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Ukalika ongacishiweUkalika ongacishiwe
Isitsha sengilazi sokuhluzaIsitsha sengilazi sokuhluza
Ibhodlela elinesisekelo esiyindilingaIbhodlela elinesisekelo esiyindilinga
Ibhodwe elinezindonga eziphakemeIbhodwe elinezindonga eziphakeme
Ipuleti ElishisayoIpuleti Elishisayo
IthemomithaIthemomitha
5

Test and keep

Check the specific gravity at 15.6°: absolute alcohol reads about 0.794. Bottle it at once and keep it tightly stoppered.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

I-hydrometerI-hydrometer
IthemomithaIthemomitha
Amabhodlela engilazi anezivimboAmabhodlela engilazi anezivimbo

Izinto

1

Amathuluzi Adingekayo

11

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Burning Lime from Limestone — The Oldest Chemical Industry on Earth

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