Ukusebenzisana
UBUCIKO
UBUHLE NEMPILO
UBUCIKO BEZANDLA
AMASIKO NOMLANDO
EZOKUZIJABULISA
IMVELO
UKUDLA NEZIPHUZO
REVERSE ENGINEERING
IZAYENSI
EZEMIDLALO
UBUCHWEPHESHE
IZINTO EZIGQOKWAYO
Aluminium Oxide Abrasive Grit: Alundum by Jacobs's Process (Stansfield, 1914)
Alundum, the artificial corundum made at Niagara Falls by the Norton Company: bauxite, calcined to drive off its water, is fused in an electric arc furnace with about 5 per cent carbon, which reduces its iron, silicon and titanium to metal nodules; the fused alumina cools slowly into a hard crystalline mass that is crushed and sized as abrasive grit.
Bauxite melts near 2,000 °C and could not be melted commercially without the electric furnace.
Source: A. Stansfield, The Electric Furnace, 2nd ed. (1914), pp. 357-358. Picture: the book's Fig. 143, the Higgins alundum furnace.
Osezingeni eliphezulu
Unknown
Imiyalelo
1
1
Calcine the bauxite
Calcine the bauxite
Calcine the bauxite in a rotary kiln to drive off its combined water.
Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:
I-bauxite1 ucezuAmathuluzi adingekayo:
Isithando esijikelezayo2
2
Fuse in the arc furnace
Fuse in the arc furnace
Strike arcs between the electrodes and the carbon lining of the furnace bottom, then feed the calcined bauxite, with about 5 per cent carbon, in round the arcs; it melts and in time carries the current between the two arcs. Lower the water-cooled shell as the fused alundum builds up; the lower part solidifies as it fills.
Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:
I-carbon1 about 5 per centAmathuluzi adingekayo:
Isithando se-arc kagesi3
3
Cool slowly
Cool slowly
When the shell is full, lift it with its contents off the base, put another shell in place, and let the alundum cool slowly so it grows into a hard, tough crystalline mass.
Amathuluzi adingekayo:
Isithando se-arc kagesi4
4
Crush, separate and size
Crush, separate and size
Break up and crush the mass, separate the nodules of reduced metal mechanically, and size the grains for use as an abrasive.
Amathuluzi adingekayo:
Umshini wokuchoboza amatshe
Isethi yezisefo (izimbobo ezilandelanayo)Amathuluzi Adingekayo
4- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
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