Ukuvubela iwayini lezithelo zesundu — Utshwala bezithelo zesundu baseMesopotamiya

Khetha izithelo zesundu ezivuthwe ngokuphelele nezithambile — lapho isithelo sithamba kakhulu, kulapho sinoshukela omningi futhi kulula ukukhipha ushukela ovubelekayo. Khipha izinhlamvu ngokucindezela isithelo ngasinye noma ngokusiqhekeza. Izinhlobo ezithambile ezifana neMedjool, iHalawi, noma iKhadrawy zingcono kakhulu, kodwa noma yisiphi isithelo esivuthiwe siyasebenza. Udinga u-kg 2-3 wezithelo ezikhishwe izinhlamvu ukuze uthole amalitha angu-5-8 ewayini eliphelile. Izithelo zesundu ziqukethe cishe amaphesenti angu-60-70 kashukela esisindweni esomile — ikakhulukazi i-glucose ne-fructose, zombili ezivutshelwa ngqo yimvubelo ngaphandle kokuguqulwa yi-enzyme. Lokhu kwenza iwayini lezithelo zesundu libe lula ukulenza kunotshwala obenziwe ngokusanhlamvu.

Gxoba kahle izithelo ezikhishwe izinhlamvu embizeni yobumba ehlanzekile usebenzisa umgxobo wokhuni. Inhloso ukwephula inyama yesithelo ngokuphelele ukuze ushukela ungene emanzini. Faka amanzi afudumele (angabili — cishe ama-degree angu-40-50 C) bese uxova ngamandla ukuze ushukela wezithelo uncibilike emanzini. Vumela ingxube ime amahora angu-12-24, uxova ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngemva kwalokho, hluza uketshezi ngendwangu elukiwe noma ngobhasikidi ukuze ukhiphe izinsalela zezithelo ezinemicu. Uketshezi oluphumayo kufanele lujiye, lumnandi, futhi lube nombala onsundu okhanyayo — lapho ushukela uminyene kakhulu, kulapho utshwala bungaba buningi ewayinini eliphelile.

Thela uketshezi lwezithelo oluhluziwe esitsheni sokuvubela esihlanzekile — imbiza enkulu yobumba enomlomo obanzi. Imvubelo yasendle ekhona ngokwemvelo ezikhumbeni zezithelo nasemoyeni izongena oketshezini ngokwayo. Ukusheshisa ukuqala, faka inani elincane loketshezi oluvubelayo lwesigaba sangaphambili (umkhuba owawujwayelekile ekwenzeni utshwala kwasendulo) noma ushiye isitsha singavalwanga endaweni efudumele amahora angu-12-24 okuqala ukuze imvubelo esemoyeni ingene oketshezini. Vala isitsha ngendwangu ngokuxegayo ukuze izinambuzane zingangeni kodwa i-carbon dioxide iphume. Ukuvubela kufanele kuqale phakathi kwamahora angu-24-48, kubonakaliswa amagwebu nephunga lemvubelo.

Gcina isitsha esivubelayo endaweni efudumele (ama-degree angu-25-35 C) izinsuku ezingu-7-14. Ukuvubela kunamandla kakhulu ezinsukwini ezingu-3-5 zokuqala — uketshezi luyagwebuka kakhulu futhi lungachichima. Xova nsuku zonke ukuze kungakheki uqweqwe lwemvubelo efile nemicu yezithelo phezulu. Njengoba ukuvubela kuqhubeka, ubumnandi buyehla futhi utshwala bukhuphuke. Nambitha ngezikhathi ezithile — lapho ubumnandi sebehle ngendlela othanda ngayo futhi uketshezi lunokunambitheka kotshwala okuncane nobumuncu obuncane, ukuvubela kungamiswa ngokuhluza nokuhambisa iwayini endaweni epholile. Ukulishiya isikhathi eside kwenza iwayini elingenashukela futhi elinotshwala obuningi.

Hluza iwayini eliphelile ngendwangu ecolekileyo ukuze ukhiphe inhlese yemvubelo nezingcezu zezithelo ezisele. Iwayini lezithelo zesundu eliphumayo linombala onsundu okhanyayo kuya kwonsundu, linotshwala obuncane (ngokuvamile amaphesenti angu-5-8 ABV, nakuba iwayini lezithelo zesundu elinamandla lingafinyelela amaphesenti angu-12-14), linokunambitheka okuhlanganisa ubumnandi be-caramel, ubumuncu obuncane, nokunambitheka kwezithelo. Liphuze lisasha — iwayini lezithelo zesundu aligcineki kahle njengewayini lamagilebhisi ngoba livame ukuqhubeka nokuvubela bese ekugcineni libe uviniga. Imibhalo yasendulo yaseMesopotamiya ihlukanisa phakathi kwewayini lezithelo zesundu elisha elimnandi (eliphuzwa phakathi kwezinsuku ezimbalwa) newayini lezithelo zesundu eligugile (elalinotshwala obuningi kodwa lidinga ukugcinwa ngokucophelela ezitsheni ezivaliwe). Iwayini lezithelo zesundu laxutshwa nezinongo, uju, noma isesame ezindleleni ezahlukene zasendulo.