Ukwakha umshini wokucindezela iminqumo nge-lever nesisindo — Ukukhipha ngomshini

Ngaphambi kokucindezela, iminqumo kumele ichotshozwe ibe unama (kuhlanganise nezinhlamvu) ukuze kuqhekeke amaseli aqukethe amafutha. Sebenzisa isigayo setshe seminqumo (i-trapetum) — isitsha esikhulu setshe esinesigingqi setshe esiyindilinga esichoboza iminqumo njengoba sijikelezwa. Noma choboza iminqumo esigayweni setshe ngomgxusho osindayo, noma uyinyathele ngezinyawo endaweni yetshe ehlanzekile. Unama kufanele lulingane, kungasali minqumo ephelele. Ukufaka izinhlamvu ezichotshoziwe kubalulekile — izingcezu eziqinile zezinhlamvu zisebenza njengemigudu esiza amafutha ukuthi ageleze kunama ngesikhathi sokucindezela. Yeka unama luphumule imizuzu engu-30-60 ngaphambi kokucindezela ukuze amafutha aqale ukwehlukana.

Umshini we-lever unogongolo olusindayo oluboshelwe ngakolunye uhlangothi futhi lukhululekile ukujika ngakolunye. Bopha umkhawulo ojiyile wogongolo emgodini oqoshwe odongeni lwamatshe noma phakathi kwezinsika ezimbili zamatshe ezimile (ama-orthostat) — lena yindawo yokuncika. Ugongolo kumele lubanjwe luqine kule ndawo ukuze lukwazi ukunyuka nokwehla kuphela njengesiqiqi sezingane. Umkhawulo okhululekile welulekela ngaphandle amamitha angu-3-5. Ngaphansi kogongolo, eduze kwendawo yokubopha, yakha isisekelo setshe esiyisicaba sokucindezela esinomsele oyizungezile ukuze uqoqe amafutha akhishwe futhi uwaqondise esitsheni setshe. Le yi-lever yesigaba sesi-2 — umthwalo (unama lweminqumo) uphakathi kwendawo yokuncika namandla (izisindo).

Sakaza unama lweminqumo echotshoziwe kobhasikidi abayizicaba abayindilinga abalukwe ngemihlanga (ababizwa ngama-frail noma ama-fiscoli), wakhe inqwaba yobhasikidi abangu-5-10 ngaphansi kogongolo. Ubhasikidi ngamunye uphatha u-5-10 kg wonama, osakazwe ujiyile ngo-3-5 cm. Ukwakheka kwabo okulukiwe kuvumela amafutha ukuthi avuze emicuni yemihlanga ngenkathi kugcinwa izinsalela eziqinile. Beka amadiski okhuni noma amatshe ayizicaba phakathi kobhasikidi abangu-2-3 ukuze kusakazeke ingcindezi ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke inqwaba. Beka inqwaba ngqo ngaphansi kogongolo, phakathi nendawo esisekelweni sokucindezela. Umsele ozungeze isisekelo ubamba wonke amafutha akhishwe uwagelezise esitsheni setshe.

Lengisa izisindo zamatshe asindayo emkhawulweni okhululekile wogongolo ngezintambo. Umphumela we-lever wandisa amandla ezisindo — ugongolo olungamamitha angu-3 olunezisindo ekugcineni lukhiqiza cishe izikhathi ezi-3 zamandla esisindo endaweni yokucindezela. Engeza izisindo kancane kancane ukuze ukhulise ingcindezi kancane. Ingcindezi engazelelwe yenza unama luphume kobhasikidi kunokukhulula amafutha. Amafutha aqala ukugeleza emizuzwini embalwa ngemva kokufakwa kwengcindezi yokuqala. Qhubeka wengeza izisindo amahora amaningi. Ukucindezela kokuqala (okucindezelwe kubanda) kukhiqiza amafutha ekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu — aluhlaza okukhanyayo, anephunga elimnandi, futhi ane-asidi ephansi kakhulu. Ngemva kokucindezela kokuqala, izinsalela zingaphinde zixutshwe namanzi ashisayo zicindezelwe futhi ukuze kube nokucindezela kwesibili kwekhwalithi ephansi.

Uketshezi oluqoqwe esitsheni luyingxube yamafutha omnqumo namanzi (amanzi esithelo). Ngoba amafutha anokuminyana okuncane kunamanzi (ukuminyana kwamafutha omnqumo kucishe kube ngu-0.91 g/cm3), antanta ngokwemvelo phezulu. Yeka ingxube izinze esitsheni esijulile setshe noma sobumba amahora amaningi. Phala ungqimba lwamafutha phezulu ngendebe eyisicaba noma igobolondo, noma uwathele ngokumunca. Dlulisa amafutha ezitsheni zokuzinzisa ezincane ngokwengeziwe ukuze ususe amanzi asele nenzika — izigaba ezintathu zokuzinzisa zazijwayelekile ekukhiqizeni amafutha asendulo. Amafutha omnqumo azinzile kahle agcineka kuze kube iminyaka emibili ezitsheni zobumba ezivaliwe (ama-amphorae) endaweni epholile nemnyama. Umnotho waseMedithera yasendulo wawusekelwe emafutheni omnqumo — ayesetshenziselwa ukupheka, ukukhanyisa, ukugeza, imikhosi yenkolo, umuthi, nanjengesisekelo samakha nezimonyo.