Ukwakha igeja lokhuni i-ard — Igeja elikhwahla

I-ard inezingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko: ugongolo (oluxhumana nejoka nesilwane esidonsayo), i-stilt noma isibambo (umlimi asibambayo ukuqondisa igeja), nomlomo noma i-sole (ingxenye ecijile engena emhlabathini). I-ard elula kakhulu yenziwa ngegatsha elilodwa elihlukaniseke ngokwemvelo lapho ukuhlukana kuxhumanisa ugongolo nomlomo. Khetha igatsha lokhuni oluqinile elinemfoloko emise okuka-Y ngokwemvelo cishe ngama-degree angu-30-40. Ingalo ende iba ugongolo (amamitha angu-2-3), ingalo emfushane ibe umlomo (cm 40-60). Nquma futhi ubumbe izingalo zombili ngembazo yetshe.

Umlomo uyingxenye esebenzayo esika inhlabathi. Wubumbe ube nesihloko esicijile noma esifana neshizolo esingena emhlabathini oqinile. Ukuze uhlale isikhathi eside, qinisa isihloko ngomlilo ngokusishisa kancane phezu kwamalahle — lokhu kukhipha umswakama futhi kuxhumanise ama-polymer okhuni, kwandise kakhulu ubulukhuni bangaphandle. Noma, faka emlonyeni isihloko setshe noma (ezikhathini zakamuva) isicathulo sethusi noma sensimbi. Umlomo kufanele uthambekele phansi cishe ngama-degree angu-15-25 kusukela emugqeni ovundlile lapho igeja lisesimweni sokusebenza — uma lithambekele kakhulu liyagebha liphinde lime; uma lingathambekele ngokwanele lihamba phezu komhlabathi lingasiki.

I-stilt (isibambo) iphakama isuka endaweni lapho ugongolo nomlomo kuhlangana khona, ivumele umlimi acindezele umlomo futhi aqondise indlela yawo. Uma igatsha lakho elihlukanisekile linezingalo ezimbili kuphela, engeza i-stilt ehlukile ngokubhoboza noma ngokushisa imbobo ye-mortise ngogongolo eduze nemfoloko bese ufaka isibambo esiqondile, usibophe ngokuqinile ngesikhumba esiluhlaza noma ngemisipha. I-stilt kufanele iphakame ifike ekuphakameni okulula kokusebenza (cishe phakathi kwesinqe nesifuba somlimi). Amanye ama-ard anama-stilt amabili ukuze kulawuleke kangcono. I-stilt kufanele iqine — umlimi ucindezela ngamandla amakhulu phansi ngayo ukuze umlomo uhlale emhlabathini.

Umkhawulo ongaphambili wogongolo uxhumana nesilwane esidonsayo (izinkabi zaziyizilwane eziyinhloko zokudonsa eMpumalanga Eseduze yasendulo). Bhoboza imbobo ekugcineni kogongolo bese ufaka isikhonkwane noma iphini elixhumana nejoka ngentambo noma ngebhande lesikhumba. Ukuxhumana kufanele kuvumele ukunyakaza okuncane eceleni ukuze igeja likwazi ukuzivumelanisa nomhlabathi ongalingani ngaphandle kokwephuka. Ubude bogongolo (amamitha angu-2-3) bugcina umlimi ebangeni eliphephile ngemuva kwezilwane. Ijoka lihlala ezintanyeni zezinkabi ezimbili, lihlukanise amandla okudonsa. I-engeli yokuxhumana phakathi kogongolo nomhlabathi kufanele ivumele umlomo ugcine i-engeli yawo yokusika ngesikhathi sokuhamba okuqhubekayo phambili.

Ukulima, izilwane ezidonsayo zidonsa i-ard phambili kuyilapho umlimi ehamba ngemuva, ecindezela i-stilt ukuze agcine ukujula kokungena komlomo (ngokuvamile u-cm 10-15 ku-ard). I-ard isika umsele omncane omise okuka-V ngaphandle kokuphendula inhlabathi. Lima insimu kabili ngezindlela eziphambanayo nge-engeli eqondile — lokhu kwephula inhlabathi ibe izigaxa ezincane ezilungele ukutshala imbewu. Le ndlela yokulima ngokuphambana ifanele ikakhulukazi izinhlabathi ezilula nezomile zaseMedithera naseMpumalanga Eseduze. Imibhalo yokuphatha yaseSumer yenkulungwane yesithathu BCE ichaza amaqembu ezinkabi alima izindawo zamasimu ezabelwe nezilinganiso ezithile zokutshala imbewu, okubonisa ukuphathwa kwezolimo okuthuthukisiwe. I-ard yahlala iwuhlobo lwegeja oluvelele eMedithera kuze kube yisikhathi samaRoma.