UBUCIKO
UBUHLE NEMPILO
UBUCIKO BEZANDLA
AMASIKO NOMLANDO
EZOKUZIJABULISA
IMVELO
UKUDLA NEZIPHUZO
REVERSE ENGINEERING
IZAYENSI
EZEMIDLALO
UBUCHWEPHESHE
IZINTO EZIGQOKWAYO
Bone Ash by Calcining Bones
Bone ash is the white material left when bones are calcined: mainly calcium phosphate, generally given as Ca5(OH)(PO4)3, about 56% calcium oxide and 42% phosphorus pentoxide by analysis. It melts only at about 1670 °C. Its porous, high-melting structure makes it the classic cupel for separating silver and gold from lead, and it forms about half of the body of bone china.
Oqalayo
Workshop process
Imiyalelo
1
1
Clean the bones
Clean the bones
Remove any meat from the bones, then degrease them.
Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:
Ithambo1 as requiredAmathuluzi adingekayo:
Ummese2
2
Calcine
Calcine
Calcine the bones in a kiln. For bone china they are calcined to around 1000 °C (up to about 1100 °C), which removes all organic matter and leaves the bone sterilised and white; traditional bone ash was calcined lower, at around 800 °C. Most bones keep their cellular structure through calcination. Handle the hot bones with tongs and heat-resistant gloves, and let them cool before grinding.
Amathuluzi adingekayo:
Isithando
Udlawu
Amagilavu Amelana Nokushisa3
3
Grind
Grind
Grind the calcined bone with water to a fine particle size, then partially dewater it.
Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:
Amanzi1 as requiredAmathuluzi adingekayo:
Isigqulo NomgquloLe blueprint yenza
Ama-blueprint ahlobene
Lama-blueprint abelana ngolwazi — amasu, izinto noma izimiso
CC0 Isizinda Somphakathi
Le blueprint ikhishwe ngaphansi kwe-CC0. Ukhululekile ukukopisha, ukuguqula, ukusabalalisa, nokusebenzisa ngaphandle kwemvume.
Sekela uMenzi ngokuthenga imikhiqizo nge-Blueprint yabo IKhomishane Yomenzi kumiswe ngabathengisi, noma dala inguqulo entsha yale Blueprint bese uyifaka njengoxhumaniso ku-Blueprint yakho ukuze wabelane ngemali engenayo.