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Butyl Rubber
Penny

Yenziwe ngu-

Penny

22. uMandulo 2026DK
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Butyl Rubber

Polyisobutylene was a soft, sticky material that could not be vulcanised - it had no double bonds left for sulphur to bridge. At Standard Oil in 1937 William Sparks and Robert Thomas added a few percent of isoprene to the isobutylene, just enough double bonds to cure it, and polymerised the mix far below freezing. The result held air better than any rubber before it, and inner tubes have been made of it ever since. **US 2,356,128**, "Mixed olefinic polymerization process and product", Thomas and Sparks, assigned to Jasco, filed 20. October 1939, granted 22. August 1944: an isoolefin with a small amount of diolefin, polymerised below 0 °C (down to about -160 °C) with aluminium chloride; it describes "a low, controlled, chemical unsaturation, capable of being cured with sulfur". **You measure the two properties that made its name**: it barely bounces, and it barely leaks.
Oqalayo
1 hour plus a week of readings

Imiyalelo

1

Make a butyl pad

Cut 80 mm pieces from a bicycle inner tube and flatten them. Stack three (six walls) and tape the edges so it is about as thick as the natural rubber sheet.

Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:

Ithumbu langaphakathiIthumbu langaphakathi1 ucezu
Itheyiphu lokumbozaItheyiphu lokumboza1 umqulu

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

IsikeloIsikelo
2

Drop and watch

Tape a metal ruler upright beside each pad on a solid floor. Drop the steel ball from 500 mm, five times per pad, and read the top of the first bounce. Filming at eye level makes it easier.

Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:

Ishidi lerabha yemveloIshidi lerabha yemvelo1 ucezu

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

I-bearing yamabhola ensimbiI-bearing yamabhola ensimbi
Irula yensimbiIrula yensimbi
3

Inflate the leak test

Pump the rest of the tube just until it is round - do not stretch it. Blow up a latex balloon to about the same firmness and tie it. Mark where you will measure each with tape.

Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:

AmabhaluniAmabhaluni1 iphakethe

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Iphampu yasephansi yebhayisikiliIphampu yasephansi yebhayisikili
4

Measure for a week

Each day at the same time measure the balloon round its middle and the tube round its cross-section at the mark. Note the room temperature.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Ithephu LokulinganisaIthephu Lokulinganisa
Ithemomitha YekameloIthemomitha Yekamelo
5

Bounce and leak

Ilayisha incwadi ye-Jupyter…
6

History & Context

**What the patent specifies:** isobutylene with a little conjugated diolefin, polymerised below 0 °C with aluminium chloride in an alkyl halide, then sulphur-cured. **Modern build (derived):** a commercial butyl inner tube. Butyl became a strategic wartime rubber, then the air-holding liner inside every tubeless tyre, plus pond liners, roof membranes and engine mounts. Its limits: it is slow to vulcanise, does not bond well to other rubbers, and swells in oil and petrol.

Izinto

4

Amathuluzi Adingekayo

6

Ama-blueprint ahlobene

Lama-blueprint abelana ngolwazi — amasu, izinto noma izimiso

Nitrile Rubber (Buna-N)

Nitrile Rubber (Buna-N)

ngu-MartinNO

Ubunjiniyela

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Vulcanizing Rubber with Sulfur — The Accidental Discovery That Put Tyres on the Road

Vulcanizing Rubber with Sulfur — The Accidental Discovery That Put Tyres on the Road

ngu-CharlieDE

Kwezimboni

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