Ukunetheza kweRubber — Indlela Yokunetheleza kanye Nokukuqotha i-Latex

Isilisa serabi esilimele esinye ngezinhluma sidinga iminyaka engu-6-7 ukuze sifikele elinganiselweni lokusulwa (isilisa esilimele esibunjwe ngokweqile sisheshe: iminyaka engu-5-6). Linganisa umjikelezo weziqu zesiqu ngokulinganisa kumeter kunye nokuqala emazulwini: isilisa siyafeza isikwele lapho umjikelezo ≥ 50 cm. Isikhumba sesisilisa kufanele sibe nokuqonda, kumyumbuzo, futhi kusuke nemitshwalano yasekuseni.

Inkinife yokuthaya i-rubber ine-curved, iblade elifushane, elinomsoco ohlangothini olunye. Lungiselela inkinife ku-whetstone kuze kube iblade isika ngokunembile ngaphandle kokudonsa isikwama. Inkinife emdaka iyisizathu esikhulu sokwenzakala kwesisindo se-wood-forming layer — uma isikwama sikalakazwa noma sichubuzwe esikhundleni sokwenza isikiso esinembile, inkinife kufanele ilungiselele kabusha.

Sebenzisa ibhulashi noma inwele enwetshisiwe ukuhlanza amakhubalo, amosi, namagcebi ebhaki evulekile endaweni ozoyisikela. Umhlaba ohlanzekile usiza ukubona umugqa wokusikela kahle futhi kuvimba inhlamvu yokuba ingena emthini. Ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sezinyawo, izihla zesihla zihlala zinoxhwaxhwane onamathiwa.

Indawo yokuqala yesikraping iqala ngobukhulu obungu-1.3 metres omhlaba (usiko lwesifuba). Ngokuya nesistimu S/2 yesikraping (isigamu se-trunk circumference), umugqa wesikraping uya ngokunembile ku-1/2 ye-trunk circumference, ukhubeka kusuka kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla, ngoangle engu-30° ekuqondeni okuqonde. I-angle ye-slanting isiza ukuthi i-latex igeleze ibe isikhonkwane ekhanelweni lokukusanya.

Sebenzisa irula kanye nentuthuko ukumaka umugqa wokuqala wokusikela ezigangeni zesintu. Umugqa wokusikela unama-angeli angama-30° ukusuka phezulu eceleni esikhosini kuya phansi eceleni sokunene. Maka zombili iphuzu lokuqala kanye nephuzu lokugcina. Umugqa wokusikela onama-angeli angachanekile uzobangela ilatex ukuthi ikhiphe ngaphandle kwesikhundla sokucedula okulungile.

Endaweni ephansi kakhulu yesikali sokuchuma (isiphakamiselo sokudla), xhuma umthamo wensimbi noma woplastiki kumthi. Beka ikhaphu yeramiki noma ikhaphu yoplastiki ngezansi komthamo ukuze kukoguqwe i-latex ephuma khona. Umthamo kufanele uhlangane ngokusnene nomthi — izigaxa zizodala ukuba i-latex ihlele emthi kunokuhamba ecilicini.

Bamba isikali sesikali ngesandla sakho esinobuchule, beka iblade ekugcineni kwesobunxele somugqa wesikali. Sukela isikali kanye nomugqa wesikali kusuka kwesobunxele uye kwesokudla, usika kanzima umkhumbi u-1.5-2 mm — ngokwanele ukuze ufinyelele ezitsha ze-latex (isigaba sangaphakathi sokumkhumbi) kodwa NOT ukuthinta isigaba se-cambium (igqabi eliluhlaza elifundayo umkhumbi langaphansi). Isikali ngasinye sisula isigaba sokumkhumbi esingu-1.5-2 mm okukhulu.

Uma usika ubunzima obufanele, i-latex emhlophe enjenge-milk iyaqala ukugeleza ngokushesha evulini losike. Uma ubona izigodo zomhlaba elinganiselwe—ulunyele kakhulu, yima uphinde ulungise. Uma ungaboni i-latex igeleza—ulunyele kancane, udinga ukuhuquza kube nzulu. Zilolele ezifihla ezindala ngaphambi kokubutha izifutha ezihwebe.

Khubaseisheni ngaphakathi kwamashumi amabili nanhlanhla (3-6 AM) lapho izinga lokushisa likhona futhi ingcindezi ye-latex emthini iphakeme kakhulu. I-latex igeleza kakhulu ezikhathini ezimbili noma ezintathu zeyure emva kokukhubaza. Ungakhubazi lapho kuyanamathela — amanzi anamathela ayancibilika i-latex futhi akudala ukugula komunyelo wokukhubaza.

Ngemuva kokudonsa, umthwalo ugeleze ngokukhanya eduze komunye umugqa wodonsa uze uze emsulazini bese ube yinkombe yokuqoqa. Isihlahla esihle sikhiqiza i-40-80 ml ye-latex ngokudonsa okunye. Umthwalo uyamisa ukugeleza uma iprothiyin ye-latex ihlangana ngendlela yenziwe isikhukhula i-latex vessel — lo mkhankaso ububambisana 2-3 amahora.

Ngemuva kwe-2-3 amahora, susa ikomidi yokoqoqela futhi shubela esitsheni sokoqoqela. Lahla i-latex eyomilile (i-latex eyomile ezikizini zokusika) — lokhu yi-latex yegrad ephansi, ekoqelwa ngokwehlukene. Hlanza ikomidi ngo-manzi ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa futhi. I-latex kufanele isetshenziselwe ngaphakathi kwe-4-6 amahora ngaphambi kokuba izikhulumele kwazo.

Engeza 1-2% ammonia solution (NH₃) esitsheni se-latex ukuze kugweme ukuqina ngokuphakathi — inhlango ye-10 ml ammonia/liter ye-latex. Phakamisela kancane. Gcina isitshi se-latex emthunzini, gwema ukukhanya okuqondile. I-latex ene-ammonia ingagcinwa ngo-6-8 hours ehumaneni lwakawakalela ngaphambi kokuba kusho ukuthi kuzodingeka ukucubungula.

Uhlelo lokuhlab S/2 d/3 (oluqhelekile eVietnam): ukuhlaba isigamu somjikelezo, insuku ezi-3/isikhathi (izikhathi ezi-10/inyanga). Ukuhlaba ngakunye kuqeda i-1.5-2 mm yesivunguvungu. Isivunguvungu somthombo siphinda kakhulu i-2-3 cm/unyaka — uma kuhlabwa kakhulu noma ngokushesha kakhulu, isivunguvungu asinalo isikhathi sokubuya emuva futhi umphumela wehilela kancane kancane.

Ngemva kokuva komuntu, umugqa olandelayo wokusosa utholakala ngqo ngaphansi komugqa oudala (1.5-2 mm okuhlukaniswe). Uma indawo yokusosa iehla zisulele ukuze ifinyelele ekusebenzenil 50 cm esiphandeni, vula indawo entsha yokusosa emahlathini enyawo yesihlahla (isuka phezulu ukuya ekuphakameni kuka-1.3 amitha). Ibhakela elindilinga lidinga iminyaka engu-5-7 ukubuya nokukhula nokusokela ngokwanele ukusosa okulandelayo.

Uma ngaphandle kokuplanwa usikela futhi uthinte i-wood cambium layer (bheka i-yellow wood exposed), yima ukusikela endaweni eyodwa. Faka i-mixture ye-clay nomhlaza ezilondeni ngokunakekela. Izilonda zokusikela ezisindile zidala ama-tumors esigqini sesilungu futhi zinciphise umkhiqizo ngokusisekela endaweni eyodwa. Lena iwona phambuko olubucayi kunazo zonke emsebenzi we-tapping.

Izihlahla ze-Rubber zishada amathali njalo ngonyaka (Januari-Mashi eVietnam). Ngalesikhathi, ukushintsha MUST kufanele kumiswe ngokuphelele — isihlahla sidinga azo zonke izakhamuzi ukuze zikhiqize amathali amasha. Ukushintsha i-latex ngesikhathi sokuwa kwamathali kubangela ukubola kwesihlahla, kuyenza ibe nolwandle lwe-powdery mildew (Oidium heveae), futhi kunciphisa inhloso eminyakeni elandelayo.