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Isikhiya sikaChubb Esinesitholi
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Isikhiya sikaChubb Esinesitholi

Isikhiya esingagcini nje ngokumelana nokuvulwa ngobuqili — kamuva sikutshela ukuthi kukhona umuntu owazama. Isikhiya samaliva sivuleka lapho iliva ngalinye liphakanyiselwa ngqo ekuphakameni okufanele; umuntu ozama ukusivula ngobuqili uzwa ukuphakama kweliva ngalinye, elilodwa ngesikhathi, futhi lapho enza lokho kulula ukuphakamisa iliva elilodwa ngokweqile. UJeremiah Chubb wengeza isipilingi esibamba noma yiliphi iliva eliphakanyiswe ngokweqile futhi silibambe khona, kuvaleke lonke uhlelo lwangaphakathi. Kusukela lapho isikhiya siyenqaba ukuvuleka ngisho nangokhiye waso oqondile, futhi okuwukuphela kwendlela yokusibuyisela esimweni sokuqala ukujikisa ukhiye oqondile uye emuva. Ngakho umnikazi wazi izinto ezimbili ngasikhathi sinye: isikhiya samelana, futhi othile wasiphazamisa. UChubb wathola ilungelo lobunikazi ePortsmouth ngo-1818, futhi kuthiwa isiboshwa esasingumkhandi wezikhiya sathenjiswa inkululeko uma singavula esisodwa, kodwa sehluleka ngemva kwezinyanga ezintathu.
Ophakathi
Ihora eli-1

Imiyalelo

1

Yenza iliva elilodwa

Qonda isikhiya samaliva esiyisisekelo ngaphambi kokwengeza ingxenye ehlakaniphile.

  1. Lengisa esikhonkwaneni iliva eliyisicaba elinembobo ende esikiwe kulo, ukuze lizungeze, futhi licindezelwe phansi yisipilingi.
  2. Faka isigxobo esincane — insika engashukumi ebhawodini — esihlala kuleyo mbobo.
  3. Ibhawodi lingashelela kuphela lapho isango lembobo liqondana nesigxobo.
Uma uphakamisa kancane kakhulu, isigxobo sivinjwa ngaphansi kwesango; uma uphakamisa kakhulu, sivinjwa ngaphezulu kwalo. Ukuphakama okukodwa kuphela okusebenzayo, futhi yikho lokho okubhalwe ngekhodi ekusikweni kukakhiye.

Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:

Umucu wensimbi yensiphoUmucu wensimbi yensipho1 strip
Ubhamu LwethusiUbhamu Lwethusi1 length
2

Beka amaliva okuphakama okuhlukene phezu kwelinye

Ukuphepha kuvela ekudingeni ukuphakama okuningana okufanele ngesikhathi esisodwa.

  1. Beka amaliva amaningana esikhonkwaneni esisodwa, ngalinye linesango ekuphakameni okuhlukile.
  2. Sika ukhiye onezinyathelo ezihlukene zeliva ngalinye.
  3. Qinisekisa ukuthi ibhawodi linyakaza kuphela lapho wonke amasango eqondana ndawonye.
Iliva ngalinye elengeziwe liphindaphinda izinhlanganisela ezingenzeka. Yingakho inani lamaliva lishiwo ezikhiyeni zamasefu — kodwa qaphela ukuthi ovula ngobuqili akudingi ukuba aqagele inhlanganisela: uyizwa iliva ngalinye ngokulandelana, futhi lobo yibo ubuthakathaka isitholi esibuhlaselayo.
3

Engeza isitholi

Okusunguliwe uqobo: ugibe lweliva eliphakanyiswe ngokweqile.

  1. Engeza isibambi esinesipilingi esibekwe NGAPHEZU kokuphakama okufanele kwamaliva.
  2. Noma yiliphi iliva eliphakanyiswe ledlula isango lalo libanjwa futhi ligcinwe yileso sibambi.
  3. Uma iliva libanjwe phezulu, ayikho inhlanganisela yokuphakamisa engaqondanisa wonke amasango.
Manje isikhiya sikhiyelwe wonke umuntu, kuhlanganise nomnikazi waso. Lokho kwenziwe ngamabomu: ukwehluleka kwaso kuyazwakala. Isikhiya esisinda ekuhlaselweni buthule asikutsheli lutho, futhi ukuqonda kukaChubb kwakungukuthi ulwazi lomnikazi ngokwalo luyingxenye yokuphepha.
4

Yenza sibambe, bese usibuyisela

Hlasela isikhiya sakho, bese usibuyisela.

  1. Phakamisa ngamabomu iliva elilodwa ngokweqile futhi uzwe isitholi silibamba.
  2. Zama ukhiye oqondile — isikhiya kufanele senqabe ukuvuleka.
  3. Jikisa ukhiye oqondile UYE EMUVA ukuze ukhulule isitholi, bese uvula njengokujwayelekile.
Ukujikisa uye emuva kuwukubuyisela esimweni, futhi kuyindlela yesignali: umnikazi akakwazi ukubuyisela isikhiya ngaphandle kokuthola ukuthi isitholi sibambile. Okulingana nakho namuhla yizimpawu zokuvala ezibonisa ukuphazanyiswa kanye namarekhodi okungena ngokungemthetho — uhlelo olubhala phansi ukuphazanyiswa lwenza into uhlelo olumelana nje kuphela olungakwazi ukuyenza.
5

Umlando nesimo

UJeremiah Chubb wathola ilungelo lobunikazi lesikhiya esinesitholi ngo-1818, kuthiwa ngenxa yomncintiswano kahulumeni owalandela ukugqekezwa endaweni yokwakha imikhumbi yasePortsmouth. Indaba edumile ithi umkhandi wezikhiya owayelahlwe yicala, eboshwe emkhunjini-jele, wathenjiswa ushwele nomklomelo uma engavula esisodwa, wase eyeka ngemva kwezinyanga eziningi ezama. Ivela ezincwadini zenkampani kaChubb futhi kufanele ijabulelwe ngokuqaphela okujwayelekile ngezikhangiso eziba ngumlando.

Isikhathi sezikhiya ezingavuleki ngobuqili saphela obala ngo-1851. EMbukisweni Omkhulu eLondon, umkhandi wezikhiya waseMelika u-Alfred Charles Hobbs wavula ngobuqili isikhiya sikaChubb esinesitholi, wabe — emahoreni angaba ngamashumi amahlanu ahlukaniswe phakathi kwamasonto amaningi — evula isikhiya sikaBramah esasihlale efasiteleni lesitolo amashumi eminyaka nenselelo yama-guinea angu-200. Umsebenzi wezikhiya wanyakaziswa kabi, kwalandela impikiswano yangempela yomphakathi mayelana nokuthi ukukhuluma ngobuthakathaka bezikhiya kuyasiza izigebengu noma kuphoqa ukuthuthukiswa.

Impendulo kaHobbs kuleyo mpikiswano isacashunwa emsebenzini wezokuphepha: izigebengu sezivele zazi lezi zindlela, futhi ukushiya umphakathi ungazi kuwushiya nje ungenakho ukuzivikela. Empeleni yimpikiswano yokudalula ngokugcwele ubuthakathaka, eyethulwa ngo-1853, futhi isewumpikiswano efanayo.

Okusasele: izikhiya zamaliva zisejwayelekile emasefini nasezikhiyeni zeminyango eBrithani. Umqondo wesitholi usekhona kabanzi njengomgomo wokuthi uhlelo lokuphepha kufanele lubhale phansi futhi lubike ukuhlaselwa, hhayi nje ukukumunca.

Izinto

2

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