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Fructose: Invert Sugar Separated with Lime as Calcium Laevulosate
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Charlie

19. uMfumfu 2026DE
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Fructose: Invert Sugar Separated with Lime as Calcium Laevulosate

Fructose (laevulose) is the fruit sugar; ordinary sugar is fructose and glucose joined. Thorpe's Dictionary (1912) separates them: invert the sugar with acid, then stir lime into the ice-cold solution. The fructose comes down as calcium laevulosate, which hardly dissolves in ice water, while the glucose stays in solution. Carbon dioxide then frees the fructose. It melts at 95 °C and is sweeter than ordinary sugar. The picture: our diagram.
Ophakathi
1–2 days

Imiyalelo

1

Invert the sugar

Warm a sugar solution with a little mineral acid to split it into glucose and fructose (invert sugar). Ours: dilute sulphuric acid, as required.

Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:

Ushukela omhlopheUshukela omhlophe1 ucezu

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

I-asidi ye-sulfuric ehlanjululweI-asidi ye-sulfuric ehlanjululwe
Amanzi AcwengisisiweAmanzi Acwengisisiwe
Ibhodwe elikhulu lensimbi engagqwaliIbhodwe elikhulu lensimbi engagqwali
Ipuleti ElishisayoIpuleti Elishisayo
Izibuko Zokuchitheka KwamakhemikhaliIzibuko Zokuchitheka Kwamakhemikhali
Amagilavu erabhaAmagilavu erabha
2

Remove the acid with baryta

Neutralise the acid with baryta (ours: barium oxide) and filter off the barium sulphate. Make the invert sugar up to a 10 % solution.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

I-barium oxideI-barium oxide
Iphepha elikhombisa i-pHIphepha elikhombisa i-pH
Ifanela Lengilazi ElinomlomoIfanela Lengilazi Elinomlomo
Iphepha LokuhluzaIphepha Lokuhluza
Isikali sesilinganisoIsikali sesilinganiso
3

Lime it ice-cold

Ice-cold, add 6 g finely powdered slaked lime to every 100 cc and stir, with the vessel standing in ice water, until the milky liquid turns creamy. The fructose comes down as calcium laevulosate; the glucose stays dissolved.

Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:

Umcako ocishiweUmcako ocishiwe6 g per 100 ml

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Ibhikha Lengilazi Elimelana NokushisaIbhikha Lengilazi Elimelana Nokushisa
Iqhwa eligayiweIqhwa eligayiwe
Ithemomitha YaselabhorethriIthemomitha Yaselabhorethri
4

Filter and press

Filter through linen and press hard to get rid of most of the liquid.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Indwangu ye-linenIndwangu ye-linen
Umshini wesikulufu wokucindezela indwanguUmshini wesikulufu wokucindezela indwangu
5

Free the fructose with carbon dioxide

Suspend the pressed mass in water and pass in carbon dioxide. Filter, then evaporate the solution under vacuum over sulphuric acid: anhydrous fructose remains.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Igesi ye-carbon dioxideIgesi ye-carbon dioxide
Amanzi AcwengisisiweAmanzi Acwengisisiwe
Ifanela Lengilazi ElinomlomoIfanela Lengilazi Elinomlomo
Iphepha LokuhluzaIphepha Lokuhluza
Iphampu yomoyaIphampu yomoya
I-sulfuric acid ejiyileI-sulfuric acid ejiyile

Izinto

2

Amathuluzi Adingekayo

19

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