Ukusebenzisana
UBUCIKO
UBUHLE NEMPILO
UBUCIKO BEZANDLA
AMASIKO NOMLANDO
EZOKUZIJABULISA
IMVELO
UKUDLA NEZIPHUZO
REVERSE ENGINEERING
IZAYENSI
EZEMIDLALO
UBUCHWEPHESHE
IZINTO EZIGQOKWAYO
Function Generator: Resistance-Capacity Tuned Audio Oscillator with Lamp Amplitude Control (Hewlett, US 2,268,872, 1942)
The first Hewlett-Packard product: a test oscillator tuned by resistors and capacitors instead of coils. Two valve amplifiers feed their output back to their input through a series and a parallel R-C pair, which passes only one frequency in phase, so the circuit oscillates there. A second, negative feedback path through a small lamp holds the amplitude steady: as the swing grows the lamp warms, its resistance rises and the gain falls. One dial covers ten to one in frequency.
Result: a sine-wave signal generator covering 20 to 20,000 cycles in three ranges, about 0.25 % distortion.
Source: W. R. Hewlett, US 2,268,872 (1942). Unknown: valve types and component values. Picture: the patent drawing.
Osezingeni eliphezulu
Unknown
Imiyalelo
1
1
Build the two-stage amplifier
Build the two-stage amplifier
Wire two amplifying valves in cascade with resistance-capacity coupling, the first's anode to the second's grid, run as class A amplifiers. Not given: valve types, values, the supplies. Ours: pentode valves in sockets.
Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:
Ivalvu ye-pentode2 izicucu
Isokhethi levalvu2 izicucu
Ukumelana nogesi1 isethi
Isethi Yamakhapheshitha1 coupling and by-pass
Ibhokisi le-aluminium1 case
Ucingo Lwesoda1 as neededAmathuluzi adingekayo:
Insimbi yokushisela2
2
Fit the tuning network
Fit the tuning network
From the second valve's anode, through a coupling capacitor, feed back to the first valve's grid through a resistor R1 in series with a variable capacitor C1, with a resistor R2 and variable capacitor C2 from the grid to ground. Make R1 = R2 and C1 = C2: the frequency is then 1/(2 pi R C), set by the capacitors, giving 10 to 1 on one dial. For the capacitors use a four-gang tuning capacitor with its sections paired in parallel. Switch three sets of resistors in for the ranges 20-200, 200-2000 and 2000-20,000 cycles. Ours: a rotary switch.
Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:
I-capacitor eguqukayo (i-dielectric yomoya)1 four-gangUkumelana nogesi1 three sets of R1, R2
Iswishi ephendulwayo1 range switchAmathuluzi adingekayo:
Insimbi yokushisela
Isethi yezikulufudrayiva3
3
Fit the lamp feedback and use it
Fit the lamp feedback and use it
From the same output, through the coupling capacitor, feed back to the first valve's cathode across a resistor R4 and a small incandescent lamp R3. As the oscillation grows, the lamp heats, its resistance rises, the negative feedback increases and the gain falls, so the amplitude settles below the point of grid current with no clipping. The negative feedback also steadies the gain against valve and supply changes. Take the output from the terminals; Hewlett's test unit held its output within about 10 % over 20-20,000 cycles, with about 0.25 % distortion and under 0.1 % frequency shift with supply changes.
Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:
Ilambu1 small incandescent lampUkumelana nogesi1 R4
Insika yokuxhuma2 outputAmathuluzi adingekayo:
Umthombo kagesi we-DCInsimbi yokushiselaIzinto
10- 2 izicucuIsibambeli
- 2 izicucuIsibambeli
- 1 R4Isibambeli
- 1 coupling and by-passIsibambeli
- 1 caseIsibambeli
- 1 as neededIsibambeli
- 1 four-gangIsibambeli
- 1 range switchIsibambeli
- 1 small incandescent lampIsibambeli
- Isibambeli
Amathuluzi Adingekayo
3- 2 vendors sell this, none ship to you yetIsibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
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