UBUCIKO
UBUHLE NEMPILO
UBUCIKO BEZANDLA
AMASIKO NOMLANDO
EZOKUZIJABULISA
IMVELO
UKUDLA NEZIPHUZO
REVERSE ENGINEERING
IZAYENSI
EZEMIDLALO
UBUCHWEPHESHE
IZINTO EZIGQOKWAYO
Ibhethri Legesi LikaGrove
Ihumuswe
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Volt

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Volt

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Ibhethri Legesi LikaGrove

Wonke amaseli ngaphambi kwaleli ayephethe uphethiloli wawo. Isitaki sikaVolta sasidla amadiski awo ezinki; iseli likaDaniell lalidla induku yezinki nesisombululo se-copper sulfate. Uma insimbi isiphelile, iseli laliphelile futhi, futhi indlela kuphela yokuthola amandla engeziwe kwakuwukwakha iseli elikhulu. Ngo-1839 uWilliam Robert Grove, ummeli owayenza ifiziksi ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula, wabika okunye ku-Philosophical Magazine. Wacwilisa uhhafu wezingcezu ezimbili zeplatinamu ku-asidi ye-sulfuric ehlanjululiwe, wavala inxenye engaphezulu yesinye ku-hydrogen nesinye ku-oxygen. Iseli lalikhipha cishe ivolthi elilodwa lingenayo insimbi edliwayo ngaphakathi: iplatinamu yayihlala ingathintwanga, okwakudliwa kwakuyigesi. Wakha izitaki ezingamashumi amahlanu zabo waziqamba ngokuthi ibhethri le-voltaic legesi, walisebenzisa ukuhlukanisa amanzi ngogesi, eqhuba ukusabela kubuyela emuva ngokwalo. Lowo umqondo wonke weseli likaphethiloli, futhi wafika iminyaka eyikhulu namashumi amabili ngaphambi kokuba noma ubani akwazi ukuwusebenzisa. Isizathu sisesinyathelweni sesithathu: ukusabela kungenzeka kuphela emugqeni lapho igesi, uketshezi ne-catalyst kuhlangana khona, futhi ocingweni lweplatinamu olubushelelezi lowo mugqa mufishane kakhulu. Amaseli kaGrove ayenika ivolthi elihle nogesi ocishe ungabikho. Konke okwalandela — i-platinum black, amapuleti anemigodi kaMond noLanger, ama-electrode kanikeli kaBacon acindezelwe, isitaki se-membrane sanamuhla — kuwukuhlasela leyo nkinga eyodwa yejiyomethri. UGrove akazange ayifake ilungelo lobunikazi. Wayishicilela encwadini, wabe esedlulela empikiswaneni ngokongiwa kwamandla.
Ophakathi
Imizuzu engu-45

Imiyalelo

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Yakha izingxenye ezimbili zeseli legesi

Gcwalisa uhhafu we-beaker engu-250 ml nge-asidi ye-sulfuric engu-1 M (hlanganisa u-55 ml we-asidi engu-50% ube ngu-500 ml, faka i-asidi EMANZINI, ugqoke izibuko nezandla). Gcwalisa amashubhu amabili okuhlola ngale asidi efanayo, uwaphendule ngaphakathi kwe-beaker ungavumeli umoya ungene, uwabophe umlomo ubheke phansi. Faka ucingo lweplatinamu ngaphakathi kweshubhu ngalinye ukuze isiphetho esingezansi sihlale kuketshezi kanti esingenhla sihlale engxenyeni engenalutho.

Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:

Sulfuric Acid - 50%Sulfuric Acid - 50%60 ml
Platinum WirePlatinum Wire2 izicucu
Distilled Water (Lab Grade)Distilled Water (Lab Grade)500 ml

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Borosilicate BeakerBorosilicate Beaker
Test Tube SetTest Tube Set
Lab Safety Goggles (Chemical Splash)Lab Safety Goggles (Chemical Splash)
Chemical-Resistant GlovesChemical-Resistant Gloves
Lab Stand & Clamp SetLab Stand & Clamp Set
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Yishaje ngegesi yayo, bese uyayifunda

Xhuma izintambo ezimbili zeplatinamu ekunikezweni kwe-3 V imizuzwana engu-60. Igesi iqoqana phezulu emashubhini: i-hydrogen ocingweni olungalungile, i-oxygen kolungathile, i-hydrogen icishe iphindwe kabili. Khipha umthombo bese ufaka i-multimeter ngqo kulezo zintambo ezimbili. Funda ivolthi lomjikelezo ovulekile njalo ngemizuzwana engu-30 imizuzu emihlanu bese uyayibhala. Bese ufaka umthwalo wamaKilo-ohm angu-1 uphinde ufunde ivolthi: ugesi uyilelo volthi lihlukaniswe ngo-1000.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Adjustable Bench Power SupplyAdjustable Bench Power Supply
Digital Multimeter - Lab GradeDigital Multimeter - Lab Grade
Alligator Clip Test LeadsAlligator Clip Test Leads
1/4W Resistor Kit1/4W Resistor Kit
StopwatchStopwatch
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Thola ukuthi yini eyiminyanisayo

Iseli lakho libamba ivolthi elifanele futhi likhipha ugesi omncane kakhulu. Lowo umphumela kaGrove uqobo, futhi unezimbangela ezine ezingenzeka. Zihlole ngalolu hlelo: ukuhlola ngakunye kushintsha into eyodwa, futhi impendulo ibiza igama lengqinamba.

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Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Digital Multimeter - Lab GradeDigital Multimeter - Lab Grade
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Ivolthi ongeke ulidlule

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Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Desktop ComputerDesktop Computer
5

Umlando nomongo

Lokho uGrove akushicilela (1839, Philosophical Magazine uchungechunge 3 umqulu 14): ama-electrode amabili eplatinamu, i-asidi ye-sulfuric ehlanjululiwe, i-hydrogen phezu kwelinye ne-oxygen phezu kwelinye, cishe ivolthi elilodwa eselini ngalinye, amashumi amahlanu elandelana. Alikho ilungelo lobunikazi elake lafakwa. Igama elithi iseli likaphethiloli akulona elakhe: uLudwig Mond noCarl Langer balisungula ngo-1889 kunguqulo enamapuleti anemigodi kanye ne-matrix ebamba i-electrolyte. Incazelo yesimanje yokwakha (ethathelwe kwenye, hhayi ekaGrove): i-asidi ye-sulfuric engu-1 M esikhundleni samandla angawashongo, ucingo lweplatinamu esikhundleni sezingcezu, kanye nomthombo wetafula esikhundleni sebhethri lesibili lokwenza igesi. Ikhemistri ayishintshi. Kungani kwalinda: iplatinamu kwakuyiyona yodwa i-catalyst esebenzayo futhi ukusabela kwenzeka kuphela lapho igesi, i-asidi nensimbi kuthintana. UFrancis Bacon wachitha kusukela ngo-1932 kuya ku-1959 ethatha indawo yeplatinamu ngenikeli enemigodi ngaphansi kwengcindezi wafinyelela ku-5 kW; leyo mshini, hhayi okaGrove, ungukhokho wamaseli andiza ku-Apollo. Ukufunda okuqotho kukaGrove ukuthi wafakazela umgomo washiya ubunjiniyela buvulekile isikhathi seminyaka eyikhulu.

Izinto

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Amathuluzi Adingekayo

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Sekela uMenzi ngokuthenga imikhiqizo nge-Blueprint yabo IKhomishane Yomenzi kumiswe ngabathengisi, noma dala inguqulo entsha yale Blueprint bese uyifaka njengoxhumaniso ku-Blueprint yakho ukuze wabelane ngemali engenayo.

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