Ukwakha Isithando se-Bloomery Nokuncibilikisa Insimbi — Inkathi Yensimbi

Idizayini: Isithando Esiyishafu

I-bloomery iyishafu eside elidala insika enciphisayo — itshe namalahle kufakwa phezulu, umoya uvunguzwa ngezansi, bese i-bloom yensimbi iqoqeka phansi.

Imininingwane

• Ukuphakama: cm 80-120, usayizi ovamile wezithando ezincane zokuhlola (ushimula ophakeme unika igesi isikhathi esengeziwe sokunciphisa itshe)
• Ububanzi bangaphakathi: cm 25-35
• Ubukhulu bodonga: cm 10-15 (ingxube yobumba nesihlabathi, njengeziko)
• I-tuyère (ipayipi lomoya): ishubhu lobumba elinembobo engamasentimitha ambalwa, elingena odongeni eduze kwaphansi, ngaphezu komgodi weziko, futhi litshekele phansi libheke maphakathi. Ukuphakama nama-engeli kuyahluka phakathi kwamadizayini ezithando asehloliwe, ngakho kuthathe kudizayini eyodwa ebhaliwe esikhundleni sokuxuba izinombolo
• Umnyango wokukhipha (akuphoqelekile): imbobo phansi yokukhipha i-bloom, evalwa ngobumba ngesikhathi sokuncibilikisa

Ukwakha

1. Yakha isisekelo sobumba esiyindilinga esinomgodi ongajulile onjengesitsha (umgodi weziko). Yilapho i-bloom yakheka khona.
2. Sebenzisa indlela yokusonga ubumba (coil) ku-Blueprint 02, uyakhe iphakame kakhulu.
3. Faka i-tuyère (ishubhu lobumba) edongeni ekuphakameni okushiwo idizayini oyikhethile, ngaphezu komgodi weziko.
4. Yiyeke yome izinsuku ezimbalwa kuya evikini noma ngaphezulu, kuya ngesimo sezulu. I-bloomery iwugqinsi kuneziko futhi idinga isikhathi eside sokoma.
5. Yiqinise ngemililo eshisa kakhulu kancane kancane (inqubo efanayo naku-Blueprint 02).

Ukulungisa Itshe

1. Osa itshe emlilweni ovulekile amahora ambalwa. Lokhu kukhipha umswakama nengxenye yokungcola, kuguqule ama-oxide anamanzi, futhi kwenze amatshe aqinile kube lula ukuwachoboza.
2. Choboza itshe elosiwe libe ngangehazelnut (cm 1-2). Lingabi mpuphu kakhulu — umoya kufanele udlule.
3. Geza itshe elichotshoziwe ukuze ususe ubumba nokungcola okulula.

Ukuncibilikisa (amahora angu-6-10)

1. Ukushisa kuqala: Gcwalisa i-bloomery ngamalahle bese uyabasa. Yiyeke ivuthe nemivubo (bellows) cishe ihora, wengeza amalahle, kuze kube yonke ishafu iyashisa.
2. Umthwalo wokuqala: Faka umthwalo wamalahle olinganisiwe, bese kuba umthwalo wetshe olinganisiwe phezulu. Kala imithwalo esikhundleni sokuqagela ngobukhulu bezingqimba: kulo lonke ukuncibilikisa, amalahle netshe kusetshenziswa ngezisindo ezicishe zilingane, futhi amalahle agcina isimo sincishisa.
3. Ukuqhubeka ufaka: Njalo lapho insika seyehle ngomthwalo owodwa, engeza phezulu omunye umthwalo wamalahle bese kuba itshe.
4. Imivubo — NGAPHANDLE KOKUMA: Abantu ababili abashintshanayo, noma umvubo osebenza ngapha nangapha. Umoya akufanele ume: ngaphandle komoya ovunguziwe isithando sipholisa ngokushesha.
5. Ukukhipha i-slag: I-slag encibilikile (ingilazi engamanzi ku-~1200 °C) iqoqeka ngaphezu kwe-bloom. Uma isithando sinembobo yokukhipha, yivule ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze uchithe i-slag. Uma singenayo, i-slag ihlala emgodini weziko, ngakho umgodi kufanele ujule ngokwanele ukuze i-slag inganyukeli ku-tuyère ivimbe umoya.
6. Isikhathi: amahora angu-6-10 okusebenza okungaphazanyiswa. Ukuncibilikisa kuphela uma usucubungule wonke amatshe akho.

Okwenzeka Ngaphakathi

Fe₂O₃ + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO₂    (ku-~800-1200 °C)

I-carbon monoxide (evela emalahleni) inciphisa i-iron oxide ibe yinsimbi. Kodwa ngokungafani nethusi, insimbi ayilokothi incibilike — yakheka njengezinhlayiya eziqinile ezihlangana zibe yinqwaba enezimbobo (i-bloom) ehlezi echibini le-slag engamanzi.

Ukukhipha i-Bloom

1. Khipha i-bloom ekupheleni kokuncibilikisa isesekushiseni kokushisela; kulula kakhulu ukuyiqinisa khona manjalo, futhi ingaphinde ishiswe kamuva.
2. Uma unomnyango wokukhipha: phula uvalo lobumba bese udonsa i-bloom ngodlawu.
3. Uma ungenawo: phula ingxenye engezansi yesithando ukuze ukhiphe i-bloom. (Isithando singadelwa — ama-bloomery amaningi omlando ayesetshenziswa kanye kuphela.)

Okufanele Ukubone

Inqwaba erhabaxa enezimbobo — ekuncibilikiseni okuncane ivamise ukuba ngangegilebhufruthi enkulu (grapefruit) — enombala onsundu obomvu kuya empunga emnyama, efana nesipontshi, ene-slag efana nengilazi evaleleke yonke indawo. Le yi-bloom yakho.

Ukuqinisa (Isinyathelo Esibalulekile)

I-bloom engahluziwe igcwele i-slag, izingcezwana zamalahle nezikhala. Kufanele ishaywe ngesando isashisa ukuze kukhanywe ukungcola futhi izinhlayiya zensimbi zishiselwe ndawonye:

1. Sebenza nge-bloom ekushiseni kokushisela — okuphuzi okukhanyayo kuya kokumhlophe okuphuzi — uyishise kabusha esithandweni somkhandi njalo lapho iphola.
2. Yibeke phezu kwensimbi yomkhandi (anvil) bese uqala ngokushaya kancane: i-bloom esanda kukhishwa iyaphuka kalula futhi ingahlakazeka. Shaya kakhulu njengoba iqala ukubambana — i-slag iyafafazeka njengezinhlansi namaconsi. Kuyamangalisa futhi kuyingozi; gqoka isivikelo samehlo futhi ugcine ababukeli kude.
3. Uma isiqinile, yisike, uyigoqe bese uyishisela futhi ukuze uyicwenge kakhulu. Lindela ukuyishisa izikhathi eziningi.
4. Ukushisela ngakunye kuvala izikhala eziningi futhi kukhiphe i-slag eningi.
5. Ngemva kokuqinisa, uba nenduku erhabaxa ye-wrought iron (insimbi ekhandiwe).

Iketango Lokusungula Seliphelele

Manje usulandele indlela esuka ekhunini → emalahleni → eziko → ethusi → ethusi elixubile (bronze) → ensimbini. Isinyathelo ngasinye sakhela phezu kwesandulelayo. Ngasinye sadinga ulwazi olwandayo. Yilokhu okwenza ukusungula kusebenze — hhayi njengezinto ezisunguliwe ezingahlangene, kodwa njengeketango elixhumene lapho ikhono ngalinye lenza okulandelayo kube khona.

Okulandelayo

Insimbi yakho ye-bloom iyasebenziseka kodwa ithambile. Okusunguliwe okulandelayo eketangweni:

• Ukufaka i-carbon (carburization): songa insimbi emalahleni uyishise amahora amaningi → i-carbon ingena ngaphakathi → insimbi eqinile (steel)
• Ukucisha (quenching): shisa i-steel ize ibomvu, uyicwilise emanzini → kwakheka i-martensite → iqina kakhulu kodwa iphuka kalula
• Ukuthambisa (tempering): shisa kabusha i-steel ecishiwe ekushiseni okunqunyiwe (umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka we-tempering ucishe ube ngu-300 °C) → idela ubulukhuni obuncane ukuze ithole ukuqina okukhulu kakhulu
• Ukushisela ngamaphethini (pattern welding): goqa bese ushisela ndawonye ama-steel ane-carbon ehlukene → i-steel eshiselwe ngamaphethini (evame ukubizwa ngephutha ngokuthi "Damascus")

Ngasinye sazo sizoba yi-blueprint yesikhathi esizayo Ohambweni Lokusungula.