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Litmus Paper from Dye Lichen
Litmus is a blue dye from lichens that turns red in acid and back to blue in alkali. The lichen is ground with sodium carbonate and ammonia and stirred for about four weeks while it turns from red through purple to blue; alcohol then takes out the red orcein. Unsized paper soaked in the blue litmus and dried is litmus paper.
The picture: strips of litmus paper, blue at one end and turned red at the other.
Ophakathi
About four weeks
Imiyalelo
1
1
Grind the lichen
Grind the lichen
Grind dry dye lichen in a mortar with a solution of washing soda and household ammonia, then put it in a crock (our quantities: 100 g lichen, 20 g washing soda, 0.5 L ammonia solution).
Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:
Isikhunta samatshe sokudaya (esikhipha i-orchil)100 g
Isoda yokuwasha20 g
Isixazululo se-ammonia sasekhaya0.5 ilithaAmathuluzi adingekayo:
Isigqulo Nomgqulo
Imbiza yokubilisa
Isikali sesilinganiso
Amagilavu erabha
Izibuko Zokuchitheka Kwamakhemikhali2
2
Stir for four weeks
Stir for four weeks
Cover the crock and stir now and then. The colour goes from red to purple and finally blue in about four weeks.
Amathuluzi adingekayo:
Imbiza yokubilisa
Induku Yengilazi Yokugovuza3
3
Take out the orcein
Take out the orcein
Work the blue mass with alcohol and pour the alcohol off with the red orcein it dissolves, until it no longer runs red. The blue litmus stays.
Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:
I-ethanol - izinga lelabhorethri, 95 %0.3 ilithaAmathuluzi adingekayo:
Ibhikha LengilaziInduku Yengilazi YokugovuzaAmagilavu erabhaIzibuko Zokuchitheka Kwamakhemikhali4
4
Dye the paper
Dye the paper
Stir the litmus into water, let it settle and pour the clear blue off. Cut unsized filter paper into strips and soak them in it.
Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:
Amanzi0.5 ilitha
Iphepha Lokuhluza10 amashidiAmathuluzi adingekayo:
Ibhikha Lengilazi
Isikelo5
5
Dry and store
Dry and store
Dry the strips on a rack away from acid or ammonia fumes, which would colour them, and keep them in a closed jar (our care).
Amathuluzi adingekayo:
Ishelufu Lokomisa
Ijeke Lengilazi6
6
What the colour change tells you
What the colour change tells you
Ilayisha incwadi ye-Jupyter…
Izinto
6- Isibambeli
- 20 gIsibambeli
- 0.5 ilithaIsibambeli
- 0.3 ilithaIsibambeli
- 0.5 ilithaIsibambeli
- 10 amashidiIsibambeli
Amathuluzi Adingekayo
10- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
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